Nigeria Anopheles vector database: an overview of 100 years' research

Anopheles mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF), which are major public health diseases in Nigeria. Malaria is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and LF by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti. Updating our knowledge of the An...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-12, Vol.6 (12), p.e28347
Main Authors: Okorie, Patricia Nkem, McKenzie, F Ellis, Ademowo, Olusegun George, Bockarie, Moses, Kelly-Hope, Louise
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - genetics
Anopheles - parasitology
Anopheles funestus
Anopheles gambiae
Aquatic insects
Bacillus sphaericus
Biology
Control programs
Culex quinquefasciatus
Culicidae
Data bases
Data Collection
Databases, Factual
Diptera
Disease transmission
Drug Resistance
Filariasis
Geography
Health aspects
Identification methods
Insecticide resistance
Insecticide Resistance - genetics
Insecticides
Insecticides - pharmacology
Malaria
Medical research
Medicine
Mosquitoes
Mutation
Nigeria
Organochlorine compounds
Parasitic diseases
Pesticide resistance
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum - metabolism
Protozoa
Public Health
Pyrethroids
Sampling
Sampling methods
Spatial discrimination
Spatial distribution
Species Specificity
Sporozoites - metabolism
Time Factors
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Vectors (Biology)
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti - metabolism
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Summary:Anopheles mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF), which are major public health diseases in Nigeria. Malaria is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and LF by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti. Updating our knowledge of the Anopheles species is vital in planning and implementing evidence based vector control programs. To present a comprehensive report on the spatial distribution and composition of these vectors, all published data available were collated into a database. Details recorded for each source were the locality, latitude/longitude, time/period of study, species, abundance, sampling/collection methods, morphological and molecular species identification methods, insecticide resistance status, including evidence of the kdr allele, and P. falciparum sporozoite rate and W. bancrofti microfilaria prevalence. This collation resulted in a total of 110 publications, encompassing 484,747 Anopheles mosquitoes in 632 spatially unique descriptions at 142 georeferenced locations being identified across Nigeria from 1900 to 2010. Overall, the highest number of vector species reported included An. gambiae complex (65.2%), An. funestus complex (17.3%), An. gambiae s.s. (6.5%). An. arabiensis (5.0%) and An. funestus s.s. (2.5%), with the molecular forms An. gambiae M and S identified at 120 locations. A variety of sampling/collection and species identification methods were used with an increase in molecular techniques in recent decades. Insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorines was found in the main Anopheles species across 45 locations. Presence of P. falciparum and W. bancrofti varied between species with the highest sporozoite rates found in An. gambiae s.s, An. funestus s.s. and An. moucheti, and the highest microfilaria prevalence in An. gambiae s.l., An. arabiensis, and An. gambiae s.s. This comprehensive geo-referenced database provides an essential baseline on Anopheles vectors and will be an important resource for malaria and LF vector control programmes in Nigeria.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0028347