Modern and ancestral genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Andhra Pradesh, India

Traditionally, the distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in India has been characterized by widespread prevalence of ancestral lineages (TbD1+ strains and variants) in the south and the modern forms (TbD1(-) CAS and variants) predominating in the north of India. The pattern was, h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-11, Vol.6 (11), p.e27584-e27584
Main Authors: Thomas, Shirly K, Iravatham, Chitra C, Moni, Bottu Heleena, Kumar, Ashutosh, Archana, Bandaru V, Majid, Mohammad, Priyadarshini, Yerra, Rani, Pittu Sandhya, Valluri, Vijayalakshmi, Hasnain, Seyed E, Ahmed, Niyaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Bacteria
Biology
Biotechnology
Clinical isolates
Clinical trials
Control programs
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Epidemiology
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Genotypes
Health aspects
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
India - epidemiology
Infections
Laboratories
Life sciences
Medical screening
Medicine
Mutation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - classification
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification
Pathogens
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Population genetics
Spoligotyping
Studies
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - epidemiology
Tuberculosis - microbiology
Tuberculosis - transmission
Tuberculosis vaccines
Viruses
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Summary:Traditionally, the distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in India has been characterized by widespread prevalence of ancestral lineages (TbD1+ strains and variants) in the south and the modern forms (TbD1(-) CAS and variants) predominating in the north of India. The pattern was, however, not clearly known in the south-central region such as Hyderabad and the rest of the state of Andhra Pradesh where the prevalence of both tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the highest in the country; this area has been the hotspot of TB vaccine trials. Spoligotyping of 101 clinical isolates obtained from Hyderabad and rural Andhra Pradesh confirmed the occurrence of major genogroups such as the ancestral (or the TbD1+ type or the East African Indian (EAI) type), the Central Asian (CAS) or Delhi type and the Beijing lineage in Andhra Pradesh. Sixty five different spoligotype patterns were observed for the isolates included in this study; these were further analyzed based on specific genetic signatures/mutations. It was found that the major genogroups, CAS and "ancestral," were almost equally prevalent in our collection but followed a north-south compartmentalization as was also reported previously. However, we observed a significant presence of MANU lineage in south Andhra Pradesh, which was earlier reported to be overwhelmingly present in Mumbai. This study portrays genotypic diversity of M. tuberculosis from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and provides a much needed snapshot of the strain diversity that will be helpful in devising effective TB control programs in this part of the world.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0027584