Hypertension and obesity as cardiovascular risk factors among HIV seropositive patients in Western Kenya

There is increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV seropositive individuals. The prevalence of HIV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; however, HIV-related cardiovascular risk research is largely derived from developed country settings. Herein, we describe the prevalence of hypertension and o...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e22288-e22288
Main Authors: Bloomfield, Gerald S, Hogan, Joseph W, Keter, Alfred, Sang, Edwin, Carter, E Jane, Velazquez, Eric J, Kimaiyo, Sylvester
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
AIDS
AIDS treatment
Biology
Body mass
Body mass index
Body size
Body weight
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
CD4 antigen
Chronic illnesses
Electronic health records
Electronic medical records
Female
Health risk assessment
Health risks
HIV
HIV patients
HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - epidemiology
Kenya - epidemiology
Male
Medical records
Medical schools
Medicine
Men
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - epidemiology
Overweight
Patients
Protease inhibitors
Proteases
Proteinase inhibitors
Regression analysis
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Risk management
Studies
Young Adult
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:There is increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV seropositive individuals. The prevalence of HIV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; however, HIV-related cardiovascular risk research is largely derived from developed country settings. Herein, we describe the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in a large HIV treatment program in Kenya. We performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of a large HIV treatment program in Western Kenya between 2006 and 2009. We calculated the prevalence of hypertension and obesity among HIV+ adults as well as utilized multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between clinical characteristics, HIV-related characteristics, and hypertension. Our final sample size was 12,194. The median systolic/diastolic blood pressures were similar for both sexes (male: 110/70 mmHg, female: 110/70 mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension among men and women were 11.2% and 7.4%, respectively. Eleven percent of men and 22.6% of women were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)). Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that overweight/obesity was more strongly associated with hypertension among HIV+ men (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.88-3.09) than a higher successive age category (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.40-1.87 comparing 16-35, 36-45 and >45 years categories). Among women, higher age category and overweight/obesity were most strongly associated with hypertension (age category: OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.95-2.50, overweight/obesity: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.50-2.16). Length of time on protease inhibitors was not found to be related to hypertension for men (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.42-6.20) or women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.37-2.65) after adjustment for CD4 count, age and BMI. In Western Kenya, there is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients with differences observed between men and women. The care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa should also include both identification and management of associated cardiovascular risk factors.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022288