The "far-west" of Anopheles gambiae molecular forms

The main Afrotropical malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is undergoing a process of sympatric ecological diversification leading to at least two incipient species (the M and S molecular forms) showing heterogeneous levels of divergence across the genome. The physically unlinked centrom...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e16415-e16415
Main Authors: Caputo, Beniamino, Santolamazza, Federica, Vicente, José L, Nwakanma, Davis C, Jawara, Musa, Palsson, Katinka, Jaenson, Thomas, White, Bradley J, Mancini, Emiliano, Petrarca, Vincenzo, Conway, David J, Besansky, Nora J, Pinto, João, della Torre, Alessandra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - cytology
Anopheles - genetics
Anopheles gambiae
Biologi
Biology
Centromere - genetics
Chromosomes
Councils
Data analysis
Diagnostic systems
Divergence
Ecumenism
Female
Genetic Markers - genetics
Genetic Speciation
Genomes
Genomics
Genotypes
Genotyping Techniques
Glycine tomentella
Hybridization
Hybridization, Genetic
Hybrids
Hypotheses
Integrated software
Laboratories
Leguminosae
Linkage disequilibrium
Malaria
Markers
Medical research
NATURAL SCIENCES
NATURVETENSKAP
Oryza
Polymerase chain reaction
Population genetics
Recombination
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Software packages
Speciation
Sympatric populations
Sympatry
Sympatry - genetics
Systematic biology
Taxa
Vector-borne diseases
X Chromosome - genetics
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Summary:The main Afrotropical malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is undergoing a process of sympatric ecological diversification leading to at least two incipient species (the M and S molecular forms) showing heterogeneous levels of divergence across the genome. The physically unlinked centromeric regions on all three chromosomes of these closely related taxa contain fixed nucleotide differences which have been found in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium in geographic areas of no or low M-S hybridization. Assays diagnostic for SNP and structural differences between M and S forms in the three centromeric regions were applied in samples from the western extreme of their range of sympatry, the only area where high frequencies of putative M/S hybrids have been reported. The results reveal a level of admixture not observed in the rest of the range. In particular, we found: i) heterozygous genotypes at each marker, although at frequencies lower than expected under panmixia; ii) virtually all possible genotypic combinations between markers on different chromosomes, although genetic association was nevertheless detected; iii) discordant M and S genotypes at two X-linked markers near the centromere, suggestive of introgression and inter-locus recombination. These results could be indicative either of a secondary contact zone between M and S, or of the maintenance of ancestral polymorphisms. This issue and the perspectives opened by these results in the study of the M and S incipient speciation process are discussed.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0016415