Broadband PVDF Membrane Hydrophone for Comparisons of Hydrophone Calibration Methods up to 140 MHz

A PVDF membrane hydrophone has been constructed in particular for comparisons of broadband ultrasound hydrophone calibration methods and of the results obtained by different laboratories. Intercomparisons have to accompany the efforts currently undertaken to enhance the calibration frequency ranges...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2007-09, Vol.54 (9), p.1784-1791
Main Authors: Wilkens, V., Molkenstruck, W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
Acoustics
Biological and medical sciences
Biomembranes
Broadband
Calibration
Calibration - standards
Distortion
Distortion measurement
Equipment Failure Analysis - instrumentation
Equipment Failure Analysis - standards
Exact sciences and technology
Frequency measurement
Frequency ranges
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
Germany
Hydrophones
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Laboratories
Medical sciences
Membranes, Artificial
Miscellaneous. Technology
Noise levels
Nonlinear distortion
Particle measurements
Physics
Polyvinylidene fluorides
Polyvinyls
Pulse measurements
Radio Waves
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sonar equipment
Transducers - standards
Transduction
acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonic investigative techniques
Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
Ultrasonography - instrumentation
Ultrasonography - standards
Ultrasound
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Description
Summary:A PVDF membrane hydrophone has been constructed in particular for comparisons of broadband ultrasound hydrophone calibration methods and of the results obtained by different laboratories. Intercomparisons have to accompany the efforts currently undertaken to enhance the calibration frequency ranges and to implement the extension from the determination of amplitude-only to complex-valued calibration data. It can be expected that such hydrophone data will be used much more frequently in the future for exposure measurements on medical ultrasound equipment, in particular for the detection of non- linearly distorted waveforms. The hydrophone design chosen has a foil thickness of 9 mum and an electrode diameter of 210 mum. A broadband differential preamplifier ( -3 dB roll-off frequency: 95 MHz) is integrated to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio over a broad frequency range (e.g., 26 dB-30 dB in the range 50 MHz to 140 MHz for measurements of nonlinearly distorted pulses). The hydrophone response was characterized by means of a primary interferometric calibration technique, by substitution calibration using time-delay spectrometry, and by complex broadband pulse calibration using nonlinear sound propagation. The results show a flat frequency response up to 40 MHz (maximum variations below plusmn0.6 dB) and a thickness mode resonance at about 105 MHz. They indicate a useable bandwidth up to 140 MHz. The effective diameter as derived from directional response measurements is 240 mum at frequencies beyond 15 MHz.
ISSN:0885-3010
1525-8955
DOI:10.1109/TUFFC.2007.462