Salinity-Induced Changes in Ion Concentrations of 'Hass' Avocado Trees on Three Rootstocks

The effect of salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 dS m(-1)) on ion concentrations magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) of one-year-old 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees on one of three rootstocks 'Duke 7' (D7), 'Toro Canyon'...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of plant nutrition 2007-01, Vol.30 (1-3), p.105-122
Main Authors: Mickelbart, M.V, Melser, S, Arpaia, M.L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
avocados
Biological and medical sciences
buds
calcium
chemical constituents of plants
chloride
chlorides
Economic plant physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
ion transport
leaves
magnesium
Metabolism
Metabolism. Physicochemical requirements
necrosis
nutrient content
Nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Metabolism
Persea americana
Plant physiology and development
potassium
roots
rootstocks
salinity
salt concentration
sodium
stems
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Summary:The effect of salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 dS m(-1)) on ion concentrations magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) of one-year-old 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees on one of three rootstocks 'Duke 7' (D7), 'Toro Canyon' (TC), or 'Thomas' (TH) was investigated. Concentrations of Mg decreased in roots, stems, and older leaves with increasing substrate salinity. Salinity had no effect on Ca concentration of the trees. Potassium concentrations decreased in roots of all trees and stems of trees on TH. Potassium concentrations either remained unchanged or increased at salinity levels of 3.0 dS m(-1) and above in leaves and buds of all trees. Sodium increased in roots and woody organs in trees on all rootstocks. Leaf Na concentrations increased with salinity in trees on D7 and TH, but not TC. Chloride increased in all organs of all trees with increasing salinity, but to the greatest extent in trees on TH and to the least extent in trees on TC. At high substrate salinity concentrations, leaves of trees on TH rootstock had the highest leaf concentrations of Na and Cl, and the highest Na:K ratios. Sodium and chloride concentrations were correlated with necrosis in older leaves of TH, but less so in leaves of trees on TC or D7. Based on percent necrosis in older leaves with increased salinity, trees on TH performed poorest, whereas trees on TC exhibited the greatest salt tolerance. Leaf necrosis was consistently observed at Cl concentrations of 4 mg g(-1) or more, and at Na:K ratios of 0.01 or more in older leaves. Chloride concentration and Na:K ratio in older leaves appears to be a useful marker for salinity tolerance screening in avocado rootstocks. The relative tolerance of the various rootstocks appeared to be due primarily to their ability to exclude Na and Cl from the leaves.
ISSN:0190-4167
1532-4087
DOI:10.1080/01904160601055137