Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in myrtle (Myrtaceae)

Somatic embryos of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were induced from mature zygotic embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented with several concentrations of 2,4-D (2.26 micromolar-18.98 micromolar) or Picloram (2.07 micromolar-16.5 micromolar) combined with 0.087 M or 0.23 M sucrose. For all the concen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant cell, tissue and organ culture tissue and organ culture, 1999, Vol.57 (1), p.13-21
Main Authors: Canhoto, J.M, Lopes, M.L, Cruz, G.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4-D
adventitious shoots
application rate
benzyladenine
biochemical techniques
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
buds
cell differentiation
cotyledons
culture media
embryo culture
Eukaryotic cell cultures
explants
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
germination
gibberellic acid
histology
hypocotyls
In vitro propagation: entire plant regeneration from tissues and cell cultures
meristems
Methods. Procedures. Technologies
Myrtus communis
phenotype
picloram
Plant cells and fungal cells
regenerative ability
somatic embryogenesis
sucrose
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Summary:Somatic embryos of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were induced from mature zygotic embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented with several concentrations of 2,4-D (2.26 micromolar-18.98 micromolar) or Picloram (2.07 micromolar-16.5 micromolar) combined with 0.087 M or 0.23 M sucrose. For all the concentrations of 2,4-D or Picloram tested, 0.087 M sucrose proved to be more effective than 0.23 M. The best frequencies of induction were obtained in a medium containing 2.26 micromolar 2,4-D in which 97.3% of the explants produced somatic embryos. Although most embryos were produced from the adaxial side of the cotyledons, some of them differentiated from the hypocotyl. Secondary somatic embryos were often seen arising from the periphery of the former somatic embryos. Somatic embryo development was not synchronous but practically all the embryos germinated well after being transferred to media containing GA(3) (0.29, 0.58 and 1.44 micromolar) alone. When benzyladenine was combined with gibberellic acid, germinating somatic embryos produced adventitious shoot buds which contributed to an increase in plantlet regeneration. Histological observations suggested that somatic embryos arise from the upper surface of the cotyledons probably from peripheral cells. Polyphenol-rich cells were usually seen in association with meristematic-like cells from which somatic embryos originate or with earlier steps of somatic embryo differentiation. Regenerated plants were phenotypically normal, showing a diploid (2n = 22) set of chromosomes.
ISSN:0167-6857
1573-5044
DOI:10.1023/A:1006273128228