Emissions of Carbonyl Compounds from Various Cookstoves in China

This paper presents a new database of carbonyl emission factors for commonly used cookstoves in China. The emission factors, reported both on a fuel-mass basis (mg/kg) and on a defined cooking-task basis (mg/task), were determined using a carbon balance approach for 22 types of fuel/stove combinatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 1999-07, Vol.33 (14), p.2311-2320
Main Authors: Zhang, Junfeng, Smith, Kirk R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010900 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Environmental Aspects
02 PETROLEUM
020900 - Petroleum- Environmental Aspects
03 NATURAL GAS
030800 - Natural Gas- Environmental Aspects
09 BIOMASS FUELS
095000 - Biomass Fuels- Environmental Aspects- (1990-)
ACETALDEHYDE
AIR POLLUTION
ALDEHYDES
Applied sciences
ASIA
Atmospheric pollution
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONYLS
CHINA
COAL
Combustion and energy production
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Cooking
DISTILLATES
EMISSION
ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Exact sciences and technology
FLUIDS
FORMALDEHYDE
FOSSIL FUELS
FUEL GAS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GAS OILS
GASES
KEROSENE
LIQUID FUELS
MATERIALS
NATURAL GAS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
pollutants
POLLUTION
Pollution sources. Measurement results
Public health
WOOD
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Summary:This paper presents a new database of carbonyl emission factors for commonly used cookstoves in China. The emission factors, reported both on a fuel-mass basis (mg/kg) and on a defined cooking-task basis (mg/task), were determined using a carbon balance approach for 22 types of fuel/stove combinations. These include various stoves (e.g., traditional, improved, brick, and metal, with and without flue) using different species of crop residues and wood, kerosene, and several types of coals and gases. The results show that all the tested cookstoves produced formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and that the vast majority of the biomass stoves produced additional carbonyl compounds such as acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexaldehyde, benzaldehyde, o-tolualdehyde, m,p-tolualdehyde, and 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde. Carbonyls other than formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, were rarely generated by burning coal, coal gas, and natural gas. Kerosene and LPG stoves generated more carbonyl compounds than coal, coal gas, and natural gas stoves, but less than biomass stoves. Indoor levels of carbonyl compounds for typical village houses during cooking hours, estimated using a mass balance model and the measured emission factors, can be high enough to cause acute health effects documented for formaldehyde exposure, depending upon house parameters and individuals' susceptibility.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/es9812406