Off-axis electron holography of ferromagnetic multilayer nanowires

We have used electron holography to investigate the local magnetic behavior of isolated ferromagnetic nanowires (NWs) in their remanent states. The NWs consisted of periodic magnetic layers of soft, high-saturation magnetization CoFeB alloys, and non-magnetic layers of Cu. All NWs were fabricated by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied physics 2014-07, Vol.116 (2)
Main Authors: Akhtari-Zavareh, Azadeh, Carignan, L. P., Yelon, A., Ménard, D., Kasama, T., Herring, R., Dunin-Borkowski, R. E., McCartney, M. R., Kavanagh, K. L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum oxide
ANISOTROPY
Applied physics
BORON COMPOUNDS
COBALT COMPOUNDS
Composition
COPPER
ELECTRODEPOSITION
Energy transmission
FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
Ferromagnetism
HOLOGRAPHY
IRON COMPOUNDS
LAYERS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Magnetic induction
Magnetic properties
Magnetic saturation
Magnetism
MAGNETIZATION
MEMBRANES
Multilayers
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOWIRES
PERIODICITY
QUANTUM WIRES
SATURATION
Scanning electron microscopy
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
SPECTROSCOPY
TERNARY ALLOY SYSTEMS
THICKNESS
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
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Summary:We have used electron holography to investigate the local magnetic behavior of isolated ferromagnetic nanowires (NWs) in their remanent states. The NWs consisted of periodic magnetic layers of soft, high-saturation magnetization CoFeB alloys, and non-magnetic layers of Cu. All NWs were fabricated by pulsed-potential electrodeposition in nanoporous alumina membranes. The NW composition and layer thicknesses were measured using scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The magnetization of individual NWs depended upon the thicknesses of the layers and the direction of an external magnetic field, which had been applied in situ. When the CoFeB was thicker than the diameter (50 nm), magnetization was axial for all external field directions, while thinner layers could be randomized via a perpendicular field. In some cases, magnetization inside the wire was detected at an angle with respect to the axis of the wires. In thinner Cu/CoFeB (
ISSN:0021-8979
1089-7550
DOI:10.1063/1.4887488