The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of Millimeter-wave Transient Sources

Abstract We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient millimeter-wave sources using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at R.A . = 273.8138, decl. = −49.4628 at ∼50 σ total, brightened from less than 5 mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2021-07, Vol.915 (1), p.14
Main Authors: Naess, Sigurd, Battaglia, Nick, Richard Bond, J., Calabrese, Erminia, Choi, Steve K., Cothard, Nicholas F., Devlin, Mark, Duell, Cody J., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gralla, Megan, Guan, Yilun, Halpern, Mark, Colin Hill, J., Hilton, Matt, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur B., Madhavacheril, Mathew S., McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Salatino, Maria, Sehgal, Neelima, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astrophysics
Cosmology
Fluctuations
Flux
G stars
Ground-based astronomy
K stars
Millimeter astronomy
Millimeter waves
Position measurement
Spectra
Stellar flares
Time domain astronomy
Transient sources
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Summary:Abstract We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient millimeter-wave sources using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at R.A . = 273.8138, decl. = −49.4628 at ∼50 σ total, brightened from less than 5 mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 13 days, during which the increase from 250 mJy to 1100 mJy took only 8 minutes. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 November 8. The source’s spectral index in flux between 90–150 GHz was positive, α = 1.5 ± 0.2. The second, detected at R.A. = 105.1584, decl . = −11.2434 at ∼20 σ total, brightened from less than 20 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 8 days. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 December 15. Its spectral index was also positive, α = 1.8 ± 0.2. The third, detected at R.A . = 301.9952, decl. = 16.1652 at ∼40 σ total, brightened from less than 8 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz over a day or less but decayed over a few days. Maximum flux was observed on 2018 September 11. Its spectrum was approximately flat, with a spectral index of α = −0.2 ± 0.1. None of the sources were polarized to the limits of these measurements. The two rising-spectrum sources are coincident in position with M and K stars, while the third is coincident with a G star.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/abfe6d