Ultrafast and Controllable Phase Evolution by Flash Joule Heating

Flash Joule heating (FJH), an advanced material synthesis technique, has been used for the production of high-quality carbon materials. Direct current discharge through the precursors by large capacitors has successfully converted carbon-based starting materials into bulk quantities of turbostratic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	ACS nano 2021-07, Vol.15 (7), p.11158-11167
Main Authors:	Chen, Weiyin, Li, John Tianci, Wang, Zhe, Algozeeb, Wala A, Luong, Duy Xuan, Kittrell, Carter, McHugh, Emily A, Advincula, Paul A, Wyss, Kevin M, Beckham, Jacob L, Stanford, Michael G, Jiang, Bo, Tour, James M
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT carbon carbon materials concentric carbon flash graphene flash Joule heating fluorinated carbon allotropes fluoropolymers materials nanodiamond transmission electron microscopy two dimensional materials
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Summary:	Flash Joule heating (FJH), an advanced material synthesis technique, has been used for the production of high-quality carbon materials. Direct current discharge through the precursors by large capacitors has successfully converted carbon-based starting materials into bulk quantities of turbostratic graphene by the FJH process. However, the formation of other carbon allotropes, such as nanodiamonds and concentric carbon materials, as well as the covalent functionalization of different carbon allotropes by the FJH process, remains challenging. Here, we report the solvent-free FJH synthesis of three different fluorinated carbon allotropes: fluorinated nanodiamonds, fluorinated turbostratic graphene, and fluorinated concentric carbon. This is done by millisecond flashing of organic fluorine compounds and fluoride precursors. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the modification of the electronic states and the existence of various short-range and long-range orders in the different fluorinated carbon allotropes. The flash-time-dependent relationship is further demonstrated to control the phase evolution and product compositions.
ISSN:	1936-0851 1936-086X