Negative Pressures and Spallation in Water Drops Subjected to Nanosecond Shock Waves

Most experimental studies of cavitation in liquid water at negative pressures reported cavitation at tensions significantly smaller than those expected for homogeneous nucleation, suggesting that achievable tensions are limited by heterogeneous cavitation. We generated tension pulses with nanosecond...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of physical chemistry letters 2016-06, Vol.7 (11), p.2055-2062
Main Authors: Stan, Claudiu A, Willmott, Philip R, Stone, Howard A, Koglin, Jason E, Liang, Mengning, Aquila, Andrew L, Robinson, Joseph S, Gumerlock, Karl L, Blaj, Gabriel, Sierra, Raymond G, Boutet, Sébastien, Guillet, Serge A. H, Curtis, Robin H, Vetter, Sharon L, Loos, Henrik, Turner, James L, Decker, Franz-Josef
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cavitation
dynamic decompression
heterogeneous nucleation
RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
stretched water
X-ray lasers
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Summary:Most experimental studies of cavitation in liquid water at negative pressures reported cavitation at tensions significantly smaller than those expected for homogeneous nucleation, suggesting that achievable tensions are limited by heterogeneous cavitation. We generated tension pulses with nanosecond rise times in water by reflecting cylindrical shock waves, produced by X-ray laser pulses, at the internal surface of drops of water. Depending on the X-ray pulse energy, a range of cavitation phenomena occurred, including the rupture and detachment, or spallation, of thin liquid layers at the surface of the drop. When spallation occurred, we evaluated that negative pressures below −100 MPa were reached in the drops. We model the negative pressures from shock reflection experiments using a nucleation-and-growth model that explains how rapid decompression could outrun heterogeneous cavitation in water, and enable the study of stretched water close to homogeneous cavitation pressures.
ISSN:1948-7185
1948-7185
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00687