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Macroscopic Properties of Restacked, Redox-Liquid Exfoliated Graphite and Graphite Mimics Produced in Bulk Quantities

The excellent properties exhibited by monolayer graphene have spurred the development of exfoliation techniques using bulk graphite to produce large quantities of pristine monolayer sheets. Development of simple chemistry to exfoliate and intercalate graphite and graphite mimics in large quantities...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2014-08, Vol.24 (31), p.4969-4977
Main Authors: Srivastava, Vikram K., Quinlan, Ronald A., Agapov, Alexander L., Dunlap, John R., Nelson, Kimberly M., Duranty, Edward, Sokolov, Alexei P., Bhat, Gajanan S., Mays, Jimmy W.
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Language:English
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Summary:The excellent properties exhibited by monolayer graphene have spurred the development of exfoliation techniques using bulk graphite to produce large quantities of pristine monolayer sheets. Development of simple chemistry to exfoliate and intercalate graphite and graphite mimics in large quantities is required for numerous applications. To determine the macroscopic behavior of restacked, exfoliated bulk materials, a systematic approach is presented using a simple, redox‐liquid sonication process along to obtain large quantities of 2D and 3D hexagonally layered graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, which are subsequently characterized to observe chemical and structural changes. For MoS2 sonicated with the antioxidant sodium bisulfite, results from Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy indicate the presence of distorted phases from different polymorphs, and apparent nanotube structures in the bulk, restacked powder. Furthermore, using thermograviemtric analysis, the antioxidant enhances the resistance to oxidative degradation of MoS2, upon thermal treatment up to 900 °C. The addition of the ionic antioxidant decreased dispersion stability in non‐polar solvent, suggesting decreased compatibility with non‐polar systems. Using simple chemical methods, the ability to generate tailored multidimensional layered materials with unique macroscopic properties is critical for numerous applications, including electrical devices, reinforced polymer composites, lithium–ion capacitors, and chemical sensing. Restacked, layered compounds of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride are ideal materials for electronic devices, censors, and reinforced materials. A high‐yielding process using sonochemical fragmentation of precursor powders with antioxidants is performed to generate modified restacked materials. The restacked powders demonstrate unique chemical, thermal, dispersive, and electrical properties that are desirable for polymer composites and other hybrid materials.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201400484