Current Information and Asian Perspectives on Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infancy: Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations from an Early Nutrition Academy Workshop

The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre-and postnatal longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2014-01, Vol.65 (1), p.49-80
Main Authors: Koletzko, Berthold, Boey, Christopher C.M., Campoy, Cristina, Carlson, Susan E., Chang, Namsoo, Guillermo-Tuazon, Maria Antonia, Joshi, Sadhana, Prell, Christine, Quak, Seng Hock, Sjarif, Damayanti Rusli, Su, Yixiang, Supapannachart, Sarayut, Yamashiro, Yuichiro, Osendarp, Saskia J.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arachidonic Acid - administration & dosage
Arachidonic Acid - physiology
Asia
Babies
Breast Feeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Consensus
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage
Docosahexaenoic Acids - physiology
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - physiology
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - adverse effects
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Infant
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Infant, Newborn
Lactation
Male
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Nutrition
Nutrition Policy
Nutritional Requirements
Original Paper
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature Birth - prevention & control
Systematic review
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Summary:The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre-and postnatal longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian populations. An increased supply of n–3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women should achieve an additional supply ≥ 200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA)/day, usually achieving a total intake ≥300 mg DHA/ day. Higher intakes (600–800 mg DHA/day) may provide greater protection against early preterm birth. Some studies indicate beneficial effects of pre-and postnatal DHA supply on child neurodevelopment and allergy risk. Breast-feeding is the best choice for infants. Breast-feeding women should get ≥ 200 mg DHA/day to achieve a human milk DHA content of ~ 0.3% fatty acids. Infant formula for term infants should contain DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) to provide 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day. A supply of 100 mg DHA/day should continue during the second half of infancy. We do not provide quantitative advice on AA levels in follow-on formula fed after the introduction of complimentary feeding due to a lack of sufficient data and considerable variation in the AA amounts provided by complimentary foods. Reasonable intakes for very-low-birth weight infants are 18–60 mg/ kg/day DHA and 18–45 mg/kg/day AA, while higher intakes (55–60 mg/kg/day DHA, ~ 1% fatty acids;35–45 mg/kg/day AA, ~ 0.6–0.75%) appear preferable. Research on the requirements and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood should continue.
ISSN:0250-6807
1421-9697
DOI:10.1159/000365767