Phylogeographic analysis reveals a deep lineage split within North Atlantic Littorina saxatilis

Phylogeographic studies provide critical insight into the evolutionary histories of model organisms; yet, to date, range-wide data are lacking for the rough periwinkle Littorina saxatilis, a classic example of marine sympatric speciation. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to demon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2011-11, Vol.278 (1722), p.3175-3183
Main Authors: Doellman, Meredith M, Trussell, Geoffrey C, Grahame, John W, Vollmer, Steve V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Atlantic Ocean
Base Sequence
Bayes Theorem
Cryptic Diversity
Demography
Divergent evolution
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Ecological genetics
ecotypes
Evolutionary genetics
Genetic Variation
Glacial Refugia
Haplotypes
Littorina
Littorina arcana
Littorina compressa
Littorina saxatilis
Marine ecology
Mitochondrial DNA
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Phylogeography
Population genetics
Population size
Refuge habitats
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Snails - genetics
Speciation
Species Specificity
sympatric speciation
Trans-Arctic Interchange
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Summary:Phylogeographic studies provide critical insight into the evolutionary histories of model organisms; yet, to date, range-wide data are lacking for the rough periwinkle Littorina saxatilis, a classic example of marine sympatric speciation. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to demonstrate that L. saxatilis is not monophyletic for this marker, but is composed of two distinct mtDNA lineages (I and II) that are shared with sister species Littorina arcana and Littorina compressa. Bayesian coalescent dating and phylogeographic patterns indicate that both L. saxatilis lineages originated in the eastern North Atlantic, around the British Isles, at approximately 0.64 Ma. Both lineages are now distributed broadly across the eastern, central and western North Atlantic, and show strong phylogeographic structure among regions. The Iberian Peninsula is genetically distinct, suggesting prolonged isolation from northeastern North Atlantic populations. Western North Atlantic populations of L. saxatilis lineages I and II predate the last glacial maximum and have been isolated from eastern North Atlantic populations since that time. This identification of two distinct, broadly distributed mtDNA lineages further complicates observed patterns of repeated incipient ecological speciation in L. saxatilis, because the sympatric origins of distinct ecotype pairs on eastern North Atlantic shores may be confounded by admixture of divergent lineages.
ISSN:0962-8452
1471-2954
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2011.0346