Lipid Advanced Glycosylation: Pathway for Lipid Oxidation in vivo

To address potential mechanisms for oxidative modification of lipids in vivo, we investigated the possibility that phospholipids react directly with glucose to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) that then initiate lipid oxidation. Phospholipid-linked AGEs formed readily in vitro, mimick...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1993-07, Vol.90 (14), p.6434-6438
Main Authors: Bucala, Richard, Makita, Zenji, Koschinsky, Theodor, Cerami, Anthony, Vlassara, Helen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aldehydes
Apoproteins
Biological and medical sciences
Diabetes
Diabetes complications
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Fluorescence
Free radicals
Glucose - metabolism
Glycation End Products, Advanced - metabolism
Humans
Lipid Metabolism
Lipids
Lipoproteins, LDL - metabolism
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Phospholipids - metabolism
Spectrophotometry
Unsaturated fatty acids
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Summary:To address potential mechanisms for oxidative modification of lipids in vivo, we investigated the possibility that phospholipids react directly with glucose to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) that then initiate lipid oxidation. Phospholipid-linked AGEs formed readily in vitro, mimicking the absorbance, fluorescence, and immunochemical properties of AGEs that result from advanced glycosylation of proteins. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid residues, as assessed by reactive aldehyde formation, occurred at a rate that paralleled the rate of lipid advanced glycosylation. Aminoguanidine, an agent that prevents protein advanced glycosylation, inhibited both lipid advanced glycosylation and oxidative modification. Incubation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) with glucose produced AGE moieties that were attached to both the lipid and the apoprotein components. Oxidized LDL formed concomitantly with AGE-modified LDL. Of significance, AGE ELISA analysis of LDL specimens isolated from diabetic individuals revealed increased levels of both apoprotein- and lipid-linked AGEs when compared to specimens obtained from normal, nondiabetic controls. Circulating levels of oxidized LDL were elevated in diabetic patients and correlated significantly with lipid AGE levels. These data support the concept that AGE oxidation plays an important and perhaps primary role in initiating lipid oxidation in vivo.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6434