Photoplethysmographic Waveform Analysis for Autonomic Reactivity Assessment in Depression

Objective: In the present study, a photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform analysis for assessing differences in autonomic reactivity to mental stress between patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy control (HC) subjects is presented. Methods: PPG recordings of 40 MDD and 40 HC subjec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 2021-04, Vol.68 (4), p.1273-1281
Main Authors: Kontaxis, Spyridon, Gil, Eduardo, Marozas, Vaidotas, Lazaro, Jesus, Garcia, Esther, Posadas-de Miguel, Mar, Siddi, Sara, Bernal, Maria Luisa, Aguilo, Jordi, Haro, Josep Maria, de la Camara, Concepcion, Laguna, Pablo, Bailon, Raquel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amplitudes
arterial stiffness
autonomic nervous system
Cognitive ability
Cognitive tasks
Decomposition
Depression monitoring
Heart rate
Heart rate variability
Image color analysis
Mental depression
Morphology
PPG pulse decomposition analysis
Protocols
Psychological stress
Reactivity
Reflected waves
Statistical analysis
Stress
Stress response
Task analysis
Waveform analysis
Waveforms
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Summary:Objective: In the present study, a photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform analysis for assessing differences in autonomic reactivity to mental stress between patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy control (HC) subjects is presented. Methods: PPG recordings of 40 MDD and 40 HC subjects were acquired at basal conditions, during the execution of cognitive tasks, and at the post-task relaxation period. PPG pulses are decomposed into three waves (a main wave and two reflected waves) using a pulse decomposition analysis. Pulse waveform characteristics such as the time delay between the position of the main wave and reflected waves, the percentage of amplitude loss in the reflected waves, and the heart rate (HR) are calculated among others. The intra-subject difference of a feature value between two conditions is used as an index of autonomic reactivity. Results: Statistically significant individual differences from stress to recovery were found for HR and the percentage of amplitude loss in the second reflected wave (A_{13}) in both HC and MDD group. However, autonomic reactivity indices related to A_{13} reached higher values in HC than in MDD subjects (Cohen's {d=\!-0.81},{\,\text {AUC}=0.74}), implying that the stress response in depressed patients is reduced. A statistically significant (p \,
ISSN:0018-9294
1558-2531
DOI:10.1109/TBME.2020.3025908