Red, Green, and Blue Light Through Cooperative Up-Conversion in Sol-Gel Thin Films Made With }}}} and }}}} Nanoparticles

Silica and zirconium dioxide sol-gel thin films made with Yb 0.80 La 0.15 Tb 0.05 F 3 or Yb 0.80 La 0.15 Eu 0.05 F 3 nanoparticles are reported. Bright blue (413 and 435 nm), green (545 nm), and red (585 and 625 nm) emissions are produced from Tb 3+ ions through cooperative up-conversion of 980 nm l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of display technology 2007-06, Vol.3 (2), p.176-183
Main Authors: Sivakumar, S., van Veggel, F.C.J.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cooperative up-conversion
Energy exchange
Ion emission
Life estimation
Lifetime estimation
Light sources
Nanoparticles
Silicon compounds
sol-gel thin films
Transistors
Yield estimation
Zirconium
{\hbox{LaF}}_{3}
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Summary:Silica and zirconium dioxide sol-gel thin films made with Yb 0.80 La 0.15 Tb 0.05 F 3 or Yb 0.80 La 0.15 Eu 0.05 F 3 nanoparticles are reported. Bright blue (413 and 435 nm), green (545 nm), and red (585 and 625 nm) emissions are produced from Tb 3+ ions through cooperative up-conversion of 980 nm light. Similarly, red (591 and 612 nm) emission is generated from Eu 3+ ions. These up-convertors may find use in white light sources. The cooperative up-conversion of Yb 3+ -Tb 3+ ions is more efficient than of Yb 3+ -Eu 3+ ions because the efficiency of energy transfer from excited Yb 3+ ions to a Tb 3+ ion (0.37) is more than two-times higher than of excited Yb 3+ ions to a Eu 3+ ion (0.15), as estimated from the lifetime of excited Yb 3+ ion. The estimated quantum yields of both Tb 3+ ion and Eu 3+ ion emissions are on the order of 40%, and hence are not the cause of the difference in efficiency. This approach does not work for Sm 3+ , Pr 3+ , and Dy 3+ . Incorporation of the respective Ln 3+ ions in nanoparticles is crucial, as controls, in which the various Ln 3+ ions are incorporated directly into the sol-gel, that do not show cooperative up-conversion
ISSN:1551-319X
1558-9323
DOI:10.1109/JDT.2007.896749