Characterization of blood borne microparticles as markers of premature coronary calcification in newly menopausal women

Departments of 1 Surgery and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, 2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hematology, 3 Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, 4 Cardiovascular Diseases, and 5 Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; 6 Los Angeles Biomedical Research...

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Published in:American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2008-09, Vol.295 (3), p.H931-H938
Main Authors: Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Litwiller, Robert D, Owen, Whyte G, Heit, John A, Behrenbeck, Thomas, Mulvagh, Sharon L, Araoz, Philip A, Budoff, Matthew J, Harman, S. Mitchell, Miller, Virginia M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Annexin A5 - physiology
Biomarkers
Blood Cell Count
Blood Chemical Analysis
Blood Coagulation - physiology
Blood Platelets - physiology
Calcinosis - diagnosis
Calcinosis - metabolism
Calcium
Calcium - blood
Cardiovascular disease
Coronary vessels
Coronary Vessels - pathology
Correlation analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Endothelial Cells - physiology
Female
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Indicators and Reagents
Menopause
Menopause - physiology
Middle Aged
Nanoparticles
Risk factors
Studies
Thrombin - biosynthesis
Translational Physiology
Womens health
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Summary:Departments of 1 Surgery and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, 2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hematology, 3 Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, 4 Cardiovascular Diseases, and 5 Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; 6 Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor University of California at Los Angeles, Torrance, California; and the 7 Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona Submitted 22 February 2008 ; accepted in final form 3 July 2008 While the risk for symptomatic atherosclerotic disease increases after menopause, currently recognized risk factors do not identify ongoing disease processes in low-risk women. This study tested the hypothesis that circulating cell-derived microparticles may reflect disease processes in women defined as low risk by the Framingham risk score. The concentration and phenotype of circulating microparticles were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of apparently healthy menopausal women, screened for enrollment into the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. Microparticles were evaluated by flow cytometry, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) was scored using 64-slice computed tomography scanners. The procoagulant activity of isolated microparticles was determined with a sensitive fluorescent thrombin generation assay. Chronological age, body mass index, serum lipids, systolic blood pressure (Framingham risk score < 10%, range 1–3%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not differ significantly among women with low (0 < 35; range, 0.3–32 Agatston units) or high (>50; range, 93–315 Agatston units) CAC compared with women without calcification. The total concentration and percentage of microparticles derived from platelets and endothelial cells were greatest in women with high CAC scores. The thrombin-generating capacity of the isolated microparticles correlated with phosphatidylserine expression, which also was greatest in women with high CAC scores. The percentages of microparticles expressing granulocyte and monocyte markers were not significantly different among groups. Therefore, the characterization of platelet and endothelial microparticles may identify early menopausal women with premature CAC who would not otherwise be identified by the usual risk factor analysis. phosphatidylserine; procoagulant activity; thrombosis Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Jayachandran, Medical Science Bldg., Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
ISSN:0363-6135
1522-1539
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00193.2008