Relationship between Preexisting Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Antibody and Clinical VZV Reactivation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

Reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), presenting as localized zoster or as disseminated infection, is a common and potentially serious complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We retrospectively studied anti-VZV immunoglobulin G titers by the immune a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2006-12, Vol.44 (12), p.4441-4443
Main Authors: Onozawa, Masahiro, Hashino, Satoshi, Takahata, Mutsumi, Fujisawa, Fumie, Kawamura, Takahito, Nakagawa, Masao, Kahata, Kaoru, Kondo, Takeshi, Ota, Shuichi, Tanaka, Junji, Imamura, Masahiro, Asaka, Masahiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Biological and medical sciences
DNA, Viral - blood
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hematologic Diseases - complications
Hematologic Diseases - therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Herpes Zoster - immunology
Herpes Zoster - virology
Herpesvirus 3, Human - immunology
Herpesvirus 3, Human - isolation & purification
Herpesvirus 3, Human - physiology
Humans
Immune Adherence Reaction
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Infectious diseases
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Retrospective Studies
Statistics as Topic
Varicella-zoster virus
Viral Load
Virology
Virus Activation
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Summary:Reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), presenting as localized zoster or as disseminated infection, is a common and potentially serious complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We retrospectively studied anti-VZV immunoglobulin G titers by the immune adherence hemagglutination method after HSCT and also studied VZV DNA by real-time PCR during clinical VZV reactivation using cryopreserved serum samples. No significant difference was found between anti-VZV titers in 13 patients with VZV infection (localized zoster in 11 patients and disseminated zoster in 2 patients) and in 13 subjects without VZV infection at each time point after HSCT. Preexisting anti-VZV titers of disseminated zoster cases tended to be lower than those of localized zoster cases (P = 0.10). Serum VZV DNA copy numbers at the onset of disseminated zoster cases tended to be higher than those of localized zoster cases (P = 0.09). A strong inverse correlation was found between preexisting anti-VZV titer and serum VZV DNA at onset (r = -0.90, P = 0.006). In HSCT recipients, preexisting antibody does not prevent the development of VZV reactivation but may contribute to decreased viral load at onset, resulting in a mild clinical course.
ISSN:0095-1137
1098-660X
1098-5530
DOI:10.1128/JCM.01312-06