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Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions
Abstract Background A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Pla...
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| Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2021-12, Vol.73 (12), p.2175-2183 |
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| creator | Niang, Makhtar Sandfort, Mirco Mbodj, Adja Fatou Diouf, Babacar Talla, Cheikh Faye, Joseph Sane, Rokhaya Thiam, Laty Gaye Thiam, Alassane Badiane, Abdoulaye Vigan-Womas, Ines Diagne, Nafissatou Diene Sarr, Fatoumata Mueller, Ivo Sokhna, Cheikh White, Michael Toure-Balde, Aissatou |
| description | Abstract
Background
A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal.
Methods
The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households.
Results
High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10–5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10–8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cid/ciab161 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_pasteur_03506546v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1093/cid/ciab161</oup_id><sourcerecordid>2498989093</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-94e6cd4693d5c4ed2f04b938a25ac30d1be23965eccc9f2043490d9ff4d8d4be3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUuLFDEURgtRnIeu3EtWIkhpUkmqK-6apucBLQqO65BKbrWRvEyqGuYf-TPNTLezlBByQ849N_A1zRuCPxIs6CdtTd1qJD151pwTTldtzwV5XmvMh5YNdDhrLkr5hTEhA-YvmzNK-9WKrVbnzZ8rG6AtWjlA35OabZzBp5iVQ19USjbsUZzQutz7NEdf3zVSwaCNs8HWJvTNqeKjsYtHk3LaJpVreRsm0NUVyme0TdaAt9HF_WPH9lDvQQOaYkZ3Ku9hBlOHOZWtQltnvQ0P_wjVMkM-QHgUvWpe1AEFXp_Oy-bH1fZuc9Puvl7fbta7VlM-zK1g0GvDekEN1wxMN2E2CjqojitNsSEjdFT0HLTWYuowo0xgI6aJmcGwEehl0x69P5WTKVuv8r2Mysqb9U4mVWZYssSU456z_kAq__7Ipxx_L1Bm6W3R4JwKEJciOyaGumpQFf1wRHWOpWSYnvwEy4coZY1SnqKs9NuTeBk9mCf2X3YVeHcE4pL-a_oLBWqsQA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2498989093</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions</title><source>Oxford journals</source><creator>Niang, Makhtar ; Sandfort, Mirco ; Mbodj, Adja Fatou ; Diouf, Babacar ; Talla, Cheikh ; Faye, Joseph ; Sane, Rokhaya ; Thiam, Laty Gaye ; Thiam, Alassane ; Badiane, Abdoulaye ; Vigan-Womas, Ines ; Diagne, Nafissatou ; Diene Sarr, Fatoumata ; Mueller, Ivo ; Sokhna, Cheikh ; White, Michael ; Toure-Balde, Aissatou</creator><creatorcontrib>Niang, Makhtar ; Sandfort, Mirco ; Mbodj, Adja Fatou ; Diouf, Babacar ; Talla, Cheikh ; Faye, Joseph ; Sane, Rokhaya ; Thiam, Laty Gaye ; Thiam, Alassane ; Badiane, Abdoulaye ; Vigan-Womas, Ines ; Diagne, Nafissatou ; Diene Sarr, Fatoumata ; Mueller, Ivo ; Sokhna, Cheikh ; White, Michael ; Toure-Balde, Aissatou</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
Background
A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal.
Methods
The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households.
Results
High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10–5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10–8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes <25 m from asymptomatic individuals in Ndiop attributable to clustering within households.
Conclusion
The findings provide strong epidemiological evidence linking the asymptomatic P falciparum reservoir to clinical malaria episodes at household scale in Dielmo and Ndiop villagers. This argues for a likely success of a mass testing and treatment intervention to move towards the elimination of malaria in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop.
The fine-scale analysis of datasets from asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections collected throughout 4 consecutive years along with rigorous mapping, spatial clustering, and statistical analyses provides epidemiological evidence for targeted malaria elimination approach in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab161</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33677477</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology ; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ; Cellular Biology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Immunology ; Life Sciences ; Malaria - epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control ; Microbiology and Parasitology ; Molecular biology ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Prevalence ; Santé publique et épidémiologie</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2021-12, Vol.73 (12), p.2175-2183</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-94e6cd4693d5c4ed2f04b938a25ac30d1be23965eccc9f2043490d9ff4d8d4be3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-94e6cd4693d5c4ed2f04b938a25ac30d1be23965eccc9f2043490d9ff4d8d4be3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4810-8232 ; 0000-0001-7848-9297 ; 0000-0001-6554-6889 ; 0000-0001-5022-5505</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,1591,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33677477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-03506546$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Niang, Makhtar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandfort, Mirco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mbodj, Adja Fatou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diouf, Babacar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talla, Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sane, Rokhaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiam, Laty Gaye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiam, Alassane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badiane, Abdoulaye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigan-Womas, Ines</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diagne, Nafissatou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diene Sarr, Fatoumata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mueller, Ivo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sokhna, Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toure-Balde, Aissatou</creatorcontrib><title>Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal.
Methods
The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households.
Results
High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10–5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10–8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes <25 m from asymptomatic individuals in Ndiop attributable to clustering within households.
Conclusion
The findings provide strong epidemiological evidence linking the asymptomatic P falciparum reservoir to clinical malaria episodes at household scale in Dielmo and Ndiop villagers. This argues for a likely success of a mass testing and treatment intervention to move towards the elimination of malaria in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop.
The fine-scale analysis of datasets from asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections collected throughout 4 consecutive years along with rigorous mapping, spatial clustering, and statistical analyses provides epidemiological evidence for targeted malaria elimination approach in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal.</description><subject>Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biochemistry, Molecular Biology</subject><subject>Cellular Biology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Malaria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control</subject><subject>Microbiology and Parasitology</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Plasmodium</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Santé publique et épidémiologie</subject><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kUuLFDEURgtRnIeu3EtWIkhpUkmqK-6apucBLQqO65BKbrWRvEyqGuYf-TPNTLezlBByQ849N_A1zRuCPxIs6CdtTd1qJD151pwTTldtzwV5XmvMh5YNdDhrLkr5hTEhA-YvmzNK-9WKrVbnzZ8rG6AtWjlA35OabZzBp5iVQ19USjbsUZzQutz7NEdf3zVSwaCNs8HWJvTNqeKjsYtHk3LaJpVreRsm0NUVyme0TdaAt9HF_WPH9lDvQQOaYkZ3Ku9hBlOHOZWtQltnvQ0P_wjVMkM-QHgUvWpe1AEFXp_Oy-bH1fZuc9Puvl7fbta7VlM-zK1g0GvDekEN1wxMN2E2CjqojitNsSEjdFT0HLTWYuowo0xgI6aJmcGwEehl0x69P5WTKVuv8r2Mysqb9U4mVWZYssSU456z_kAq__7Ipxx_L1Bm6W3R4JwKEJciOyaGumpQFf1wRHWOpWSYnvwEy4coZY1SnqKs9NuTeBk9mCf2X3YVeHcE4pL-a_oLBWqsQA</recordid><startdate>20211216</startdate><enddate>20211216</enddate><creator>Niang, Makhtar</creator><creator>Sandfort, Mirco</creator><creator>Mbodj, Adja Fatou</creator><creator>Diouf, Babacar</creator><creator>Talla, Cheikh</creator><creator>Faye, Joseph</creator><creator>Sane, Rokhaya</creator><creator>Thiam, Laty Gaye</creator><creator>Thiam, Alassane</creator><creator>Badiane, Abdoulaye</creator><creator>Vigan-Womas, Ines</creator><creator>Diagne, Nafissatou</creator><creator>Diene Sarr, Fatoumata</creator><creator>Mueller, Ivo</creator><creator>Sokhna, Cheikh</creator><creator>White, Michael</creator><creator>Toure-Balde, Aissatou</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford University Press (OUP)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4810-8232</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-9297</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-6889</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-5505</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211216</creationdate><title>Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions</title><author>Niang, Makhtar ; Sandfort, Mirco ; Mbodj, Adja Fatou ; Diouf, Babacar ; Talla, Cheikh ; Faye, Joseph ; Sane, Rokhaya ; Thiam, Laty Gaye ; Thiam, Alassane ; Badiane, Abdoulaye ; Vigan-Womas, Ines ; Diagne, Nafissatou ; Diene Sarr, Fatoumata ; Mueller, Ivo ; Sokhna, Cheikh ; White, Michael ; Toure-Balde, Aissatou</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-94e6cd4693d5c4ed2f04b938a25ac30d1be23965eccc9f2043490d9ff4d8d4be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biochemistry, Molecular Biology</topic><topic>Cellular Biology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Malaria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control</topic><topic>Microbiology and Parasitology</topic><topic>Molecular biology</topic><topic>Plasmodium</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Santé publique et épidémiologie</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Niang, Makhtar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandfort, Mirco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mbodj, Adja Fatou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diouf, Babacar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talla, Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sane, Rokhaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiam, Laty Gaye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiam, Alassane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Badiane, Abdoulaye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigan-Womas, Ines</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diagne, Nafissatou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diene Sarr, Fatoumata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mueller, Ivo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sokhna, Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toure-Balde, Aissatou</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Niang, Makhtar</au><au>Sandfort, Mirco</au><au>Mbodj, Adja Fatou</au><au>Diouf, Babacar</au><au>Talla, Cheikh</au><au>Faye, Joseph</au><au>Sane, Rokhaya</au><au>Thiam, Laty Gaye</au><au>Thiam, Alassane</au><au>Badiane, Abdoulaye</au><au>Vigan-Womas, Ines</au><au>Diagne, Nafissatou</au><au>Diene Sarr, Fatoumata</au><au>Mueller, Ivo</au><au>Sokhna, Cheikh</au><au>White, Michael</au><au>Toure-Balde, Aissatou</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2021-12-16</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2175</spage><epage>2183</epage><pages>2175-2183</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Abstract
Background
A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal.
Methods
The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households.
Results
High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10–5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10–8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes <25 m from asymptomatic individuals in Ndiop attributable to clustering within households.
Conclusion
The findings provide strong epidemiological evidence linking the asymptomatic P falciparum reservoir to clinical malaria episodes at household scale in Dielmo and Ndiop villagers. This argues for a likely success of a mass testing and treatment intervention to move towards the elimination of malaria in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop.
The fine-scale analysis of datasets from asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections collected throughout 4 consecutive years along with rigorous mapping, spatial clustering, and statistical analyses provides epidemiological evidence for targeted malaria elimination approach in the villages of Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33677477</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/ciab161</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4810-8232</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-9297</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-6889</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-5505</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical infectious diseases, 2021-12, Vol.73 (12), p.2175-2183 |
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| subjects | Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Cellular Biology Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Immunology Life Sciences Malaria - epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control Microbiology and Parasitology Molecular biology Plasmodium Plasmodium falciparum Prevalence Santé publique et épidémiologie |
| title | Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions |
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