Fine-scale Spatiotemporal Mapping of Asymptomatic and Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Epidemiological Evidence for Targeted Malaria Elimination Interventions

Abstract Background A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Pla...

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Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2021-12, Vol.73 (12), p.2175-2183
Main Authors: Niang, Makhtar, Sandfort, Mirco, Mbodj, Adja Fatou, Diouf, Babacar, Talla, Cheikh, Faye, Joseph, Sane, Rokhaya, Thiam, Laty Gaye, Thiam, Alassane, Badiane, Abdoulaye, Vigan-Womas, Ines, Diagne, Nafissatou, Diene Sarr, Fatoumata, Mueller, Ivo, Sokhna, Cheikh, White, Michael, Toure-Balde, Aissatou
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic Infections - epidemiology
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Cellular Biology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Immunology
Life Sciences
Malaria - epidemiology
Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology
Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control
Microbiology and Parasitology
Molecular biology
Plasmodium
Plasmodium falciparum
Prevalence
Santé publique et épidémiologie
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Summary:Abstract Background A detailed understanding of the contribution of the asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir to the occurrence of clinical malaria at individual and community levels is needed to guide effective elimination interventions. This study investigated the relationship between asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and subsequent clinical malaria episodes in the Dielmo and Ndiop villages in Senegal. Methods The study used a total of 2792 venous and capillary blood samples obtained from asymptomatic individuals and clinical malaria datasets collected from 2013 to 2016. Mapping, spatial clustering of infections, and risk analysis were performed using georeferenced households. Results High incidences of clinical malaria episodes were observed to occur predominantly in households of asymptomatic P falciparum carriers. A statistically significant association was found between asymptomatic carriage in a household and subsequent episode of clinical malaria occurring in that household for each individual year (P values were 0.0017, 6 × 10–5, 0.005, and 0.008 for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively) and the combined years (P = 8.5 × 10–8), which was not found at the individual level. In both villages, no significant patterns of spatial clustering of P falciparum clinical cases were found, but there was a higher risk of clinical episodes
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/ciab161