Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: Targets for a better insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle?

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders represent a major health burden, with economic and social consequences. Although adapted lifestyle and bariatric surgery are effective in reducing body weight, obesity prevalence is still rising. Obese individuals often become insulin-resistant. Obesity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 2017-09, Vol.1862 (9), p.901-916
Main Authors: Boulinguiez, Alexis, Staels, Bart, Duez, Hélène, Lancel, Steve
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism
Glucose - metabolism
Humans
Insulin - metabolism
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Life Sciences
Lipid
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Skeletal muscle
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Summary:Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders represent a major health burden, with economic and social consequences. Although adapted lifestyle and bariatric surgery are effective in reducing body weight, obesity prevalence is still rising. Obese individuals often become insulin-resistant. Obesity impacts on insulin responsive organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. In this review, we discuss the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on skeletal muscle, an important organ for the control of postprandial glucose. The roles of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in insulin signaling are highlighted and potential innovative research and treatment perspectives are proposed. •Obesity results in massive lipid overload in non-fat storage tissues.•Lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, a key metabolic organ.•Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are implicated in muscle insulin resistance.•Targeting both organelles or their connections should be considered in the future.
ISSN:1388-1981
1879-2618
1879-2618
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.011