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The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory
► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10 17 and 10 19 eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► W...
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| Published in: | Astroparticle physics 2011-12, Vol.35 (5), p.266-276 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| container_title | Astroparticle physics |
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| creator | Albuquerque, I.F.M. Aminaei, A. Antičić, T. Arqueros, F. Barroso, S.L.C. Baughman, B. Biermann, P.L. Bonifazi, C. Borodai, N. Brack, J. Brown, W.C. Cataldi, G. Chauvin, J. Chou, A. Conceição, R. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Dasso, S. Daumiller, K. de Mello Junior, W.J.M. De Mitri, I. de Vries, K.D. Decerprit, G. Dı´az Castro, M.L. Diep, P.N. dos Anjos, J.C. Escobar, C.O. Fajardo Tapia, I. Falcke, H. Fazzini, N. Fröhlich, U. Giaccari, U. Gorgi, A. Grebe, S. Grillo, A.F. Guarino, F. Harmsma, S. Haungs, A. Klages, H.O. Kotera, K. Krohm, N. Kulbartz, J.K. Leão, M.S.A.B. Lebrun, P. Letessier-Selvon, A. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Link, K. López, R. Maldera, S. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A.G. Maris, I.C. Micheletti, M.I. Mollerach, S. Moreno, J.C. Mussa, R. Necesal, P. Nelles, A. Palatka, M. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Paul, T. Pech, M. Pelayo, R. Pesce, R. Petrovic, J. Rautenberg, J. Ridky, J. Rizi, V. Rodriguez Martino, J. Ros, G. Roth, M. Rovero, A.C. Santos, E. Sarkar, B. Scherini, V. Schiffer, P. Schoorlemmer, H. Schovánek, P. Schröder, F. Settimo, M. Shellard, R.C. Stutz, A. Tegolo, D. Thomas, D. Tiwari, D.K. Tomé, B. Trovato, E. Valore, L. Varela, E. Vázquez, J.R. Veberič, D. Villaseñor, L. Wilczyńska, B. Wilczyński, H. Winchen, T. Winders, L. Wommer, M. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Ziolkowski, M. |
| description | ► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10
17 and 10
19
eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► We show how LTPs from data are in good agreement with simulations.
In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5
km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10
17 and 10
19
eV and zenith angles up to 65°. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.08.001 |
| format | article |
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17 and 10
19
eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► We show how LTPs from data are in good agreement with simulations.
In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5
km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10
17 and 10
19
eV and zenith angles up to 65°. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0927-6505</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2852</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.08.001</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Arrays ; Astrophysics ; Augers ; Computer simulation ; Energy use ; Extensive air showers ; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ; Hybrid detector ; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic ; Monte Carlo methods ; Observatories ; Physics ; Pierre Auger Observatory ; Sciences of the Universe ; Showers ; Surface detector ; Trigger performance ; Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays ; Zenith</subject><ispartof>Astroparticle physics, 2011-12, Vol.35 (5), p.266-276</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-7eb46f12ca59940ca74b604a1ba0afb69ea2afde48020f6b2ed7a0d817dfa7b83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-7eb46f12ca59940ca74b604a1ba0afb69ea2afde48020f6b2ed7a0d817dfa7b83</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9452-4849 ; 0000-0002-7504-2083 ; 0000-0001-7642-6225 ; 0000-0002-1109-2954 ; 0000-0003-1131-7030 ; 0000-0003-0650-5512 ; 0000-0002-1094-9493 ; 0000-0001-8473-6303 ; 0000-0001-8294-6294 ; 0000-0001-9734-8203 ; 0000-0002-7629-4805 ; 0000-0002-2044-3103 ; 0000-0002-0076-3134 ; 0000-0002-2951-5265 ; 0000-0002-9781-2632</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://in2p3.hal.science/in2p3-00614822$$DView record in 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K.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Decerprit, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dı´az Castro, M.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diep, P.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dos Anjos, J.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escobar, C.O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fajardo Tapia, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falcke, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazzini, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fröhlich, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giaccari, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorgi, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grebe, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grillo, A.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guarino, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harmsma, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haungs, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klages, H.O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotera, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krohm, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulbartz, J.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leão, M.S.A.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebrun, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Letessier-Selvon, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lhenry-Yvon, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Link, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maldera, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mantsch, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariazzi, A.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maris, I.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Micheletti, M.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mollerach, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno, J.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mussa, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Necesal, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelles, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palatka, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parente, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parizot, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pech, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelayo, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesce, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrovic, 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E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valore, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varela, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vázquez, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veberič, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villaseñor, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilczyńska, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilczyński, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winchen, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winders, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wommer, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zas, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zavrtanik, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziolkowski, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The Pierre Auger Collaboration</creatorcontrib><title>The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory</title><title>Astroparticle physics</title><description>► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10
17 and 10
19
eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► We show how LTPs from data are in good agreement with simulations.
In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5
km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10
17 and 10
19
eV and zenith angles up to 65°. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.</description><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Augers</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Energy use</subject><subject>Extensive air showers</subject><subject>High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</subject><subject>Hybrid detector</subject><subject>Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic</subject><subject>Monte Carlo methods</subject><subject>Observatories</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Pierre Auger Observatory</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><subject>Showers</subject><subject>Surface detector</subject><subject>Trigger performance</subject><subject>Ultra-high Energy Cosmic 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B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-4849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-2083</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-6225</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-2954</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-7030</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-5512</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-9493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-6303</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6294</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-8203</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-4805</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-3103</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-3134</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-5265</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-2632</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory</title><author>Albuquerque, I.F.M. ; Aminaei, A. ; Antičić, T. ; Arqueros, F. ; Barroso, S.L.C. ; Baughman, B. ; Biermann, P.L. ; Bonifazi, C. ; Borodai, N. ; Brack, J. ; Brown, W.C. ; Cataldi, G. ; Chauvin, J. ; Chou, A. ; Conceição, R. ; Dagoret-Campagne, S. ; Dasso, S. ; Daumiller, K. ; de Mello Junior, W.J.M. ; De Mitri, I. ; de Vries, K.D. ; Decerprit, G. ; Dı´az Castro, M.L. ; Diep, P.N. ; dos Anjos, J.C. ; Escobar, C.O. ; Fajardo Tapia, I. ; Falcke, H. ; Fazzini, N. ; Fröhlich, U. ; Giaccari, U. ; Gorgi, A. ; Grebe, S. ; Grillo, A.F. ; Guarino, F. ; Harmsma, S. ; Haungs, A. ; Klages, H.O. ; Kotera, K. ; Krohm, N. ; Kulbartz, J.K. ; Leão, M.S.A.B. ; Lebrun, P. ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ; Lhenry-Yvon, I. ; Link, K. ; López, R. ; Maldera, S. ; Mantsch, P. ; Mariazzi, A.G. ; Maris, I.C. ; Micheletti, M.I. ; Mollerach, S. ; Moreno, J.C. ; Mussa, R. ; Necesal, P. ; Nelles, A. ; Palatka, M. ; Parente, G. ; Parizot, E. ; Paul, T. ; Pech, M. ; Pelayo, R. ; Pesce, R. ; Petrovic, J. ; Rautenberg, J. ; Ridky, J. ; Rizi, V. ; Rodriguez Martino, J. ; Ros, G. ; Roth, M. ; Rovero, A.C. ; Santos, E. ; Sarkar, B. ; Scherini, V. ; Schiffer, P. ; Schoorlemmer, H. ; Schovánek, P. ; Schröder, F. ; Settimo, M. ; Shellard, R.C. ; Stutz, A. ; Tegolo, D. ; Thomas, D. ; Tiwari, D.K. ; Tomé, B. ; Trovato, E. ; Valore, L. ; Varela, E. ; Vázquez, J.R. ; Veberič, D. ; Villaseñor, L. ; Wilczyńska, B. ; Wilczyński, H. ; Winchen, T. ; Winders, L. ; Wommer, M. ; Zas, E. ; Zavrtanik, D. ; Ziolkowski, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-7eb46f12ca59940ca74b604a1ba0afb69ea2afde48020f6b2ed7a0d817dfa7b83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Augers</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Energy use</topic><topic>Extensive air showers</topic><topic>High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</topic><topic>Hybrid detector</topic><topic>Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic</topic><topic>Monte Carlo methods</topic><topic>Observatories</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Pierre Auger Observatory</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><topic>Showers</topic><topic>Surface detector</topic><topic>Trigger performance</topic><topic>Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays</topic><topic>Zenith</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Albuquerque, I.F.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aminaei, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antičić, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arqueros, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barroso, S.L.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baughman, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biermann, P.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonifazi, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borodai, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brack, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, W.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cataldi, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chauvin, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conceição, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dagoret-Campagne, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dasso, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daumiller, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Mello Junior, W.J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Mitri, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Vries, K.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Decerprit, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dı´az Castro, M.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diep, P.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>dos Anjos, J.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escobar, C.O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fajardo Tapia, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falcke, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazzini, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fröhlich, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giaccari, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorgi, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grebe, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grillo, A.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guarino, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harmsma, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haungs, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klages, H.O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kotera, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krohm, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulbartz, J.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leão, M.S.A.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebrun, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Letessier-Selvon, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lhenry-Yvon, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Link, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maldera, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mantsch, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariazzi, A.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maris, I.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Micheletti, 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B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherini, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiffer, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoorlemmer, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schovánek, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Settimo, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shellard, R.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stutz, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tegolo, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiwari, D.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomé, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trovato, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valore, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varela, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vázquez, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veberič, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villaseñor, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilczyńska, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilczyński, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winchen, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winders, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wommer, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zas, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zavrtanik, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziolkowski, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The Pierre Auger Collaboration</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Astroparticle physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Albuquerque, I.F.M.</au><au>Aminaei, A.</au><au>Antičić, T.</au><au>Arqueros, F.</au><au>Barroso, S.L.C.</au><au>Baughman, B.</au><au>Biermann, P.L.</au><au>Bonifazi, C.</au><au>Borodai, N.</au><au>Brack, J.</au><au>Brown, W.C.</au><au>Cataldi, G.</au><au>Chauvin, J.</au><au>Chou, A.</au><au>Conceição, R.</au><au>Dagoret-Campagne, S.</au><au>Dasso, S.</au><au>Daumiller, K.</au><au>de Mello Junior, W.J.M.</au><au>De Mitri, I.</au><au>de Vries, K.D.</au><au>Decerprit, G.</au><au>Dı´az Castro, M.L.</au><au>Diep, P.N.</au><au>dos Anjos, J.C.</au><au>Escobar, C.O.</au><au>Fajardo Tapia, I.</au><au>Falcke, H.</au><au>Fazzini, N.</au><au>Fröhlich, U.</au><au>Giaccari, U.</au><au>Gorgi, A.</au><au>Grebe, S.</au><au>Grillo, A.F.</au><au>Guarino, F.</au><au>Harmsma, S.</au><au>Haungs, A.</au><au>Klages, H.O.</au><au>Kotera, K.</au><au>Krohm, N.</au><au>Kulbartz, J.K.</au><au>Leão, M.S.A.B.</au><au>Lebrun, P.</au><au>Letessier-Selvon, A.</au><au>Lhenry-Yvon, I.</au><au>Link, K.</au><au>López, R.</au><au>Maldera, S.</au><au>Mantsch, P.</au><au>Mariazzi, A.G.</au><au>Maris, I.C.</au><au>Micheletti, M.I.</au><au>Mollerach, S.</au><au>Moreno, J.C.</au><au>Mussa, R.</au><au>Necesal, P.</au><au>Nelles, A.</au><au>Palatka, M.</au><au>Parente, G.</au><au>Parizot, E.</au><au>Paul, T.</au><au>Pech, M.</au><au>Pelayo, R.</au><au>Pesce, R.</au><au>Petrovic, J.</au><au>Rautenberg, J.</au><au>Ridky, J.</au><au>Rizi, V.</au><au>Rodriguez Martino, J.</au><au>Ros, G.</au><au>Roth, M.</au><au>Rovero, A.C.</au><au>Santos, E.</au><au>Sarkar, B.</au><au>Scherini, V.</au><au>Schiffer, P.</au><au>Schoorlemmer, H.</au><au>Schovánek, P.</au><au>Schröder, F.</au><au>Settimo, M.</au><au>Shellard, R.C.</au><au>Stutz, A.</au><au>Tegolo, D.</au><au>Thomas, D.</au><au>Tiwari, D.K.</au><au>Tomé, B.</au><au>Trovato, E.</au><au>Valore, L.</au><au>Varela, E.</au><au>Vázquez, J.R.</au><au>Veberič, D.</au><au>Villaseñor, L.</au><au>Wilczyńska, B.</au><au>Wilczyński, H.</au><au>Winchen, T.</au><au>Winders, L.</au><au>Wommer, M.</au><au>Zas, E.</au><au>Zavrtanik, D.</au><au>Ziolkowski, M.</au><aucorp>The Pierre Auger Collaboration</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory</atitle><jtitle>Astroparticle physics</jtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>266</spage><epage>276</epage><pages>266-276</pages><issn>0927-6505</issn><eissn>1873-2852</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10
17 and 10
19
eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► We show how LTPs from data are in good agreement with simulations.
In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5
km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10
17 and 10
19
eV and zenith angles up to 65°. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.08.001</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-4849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-2083</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-6225</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-2954</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-7030</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-5512</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-9493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-6303</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6294</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-8203</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-4805</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-3103</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-3134</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-5265</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-2632</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0927-6505 |
| ispartof | Astroparticle physics, 2011-12, Vol.35 (5), p.266-276 |
| issn | 0927-6505 1873-2852 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_in2p3_00614822v1 |
| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection |
| subjects | Arrays Astrophysics Augers Computer simulation Energy use Extensive air showers High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Hybrid detector Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic Monte Carlo methods Observatories Physics Pierre Auger Observatory Sciences of the Universe Showers Surface detector Trigger performance Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays Zenith |
| title | The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory |
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