The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10 17 and 10 19 eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► W...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Astroparticle physics 2011-12, Vol.35 (5), p.266-276
Main Authors: Albuquerque, I.F.M., Aminaei, A., Antičić, T., Arqueros, F., Barroso, S.L.C., Baughman, B., Biermann, P.L., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brown, W.C., Cataldi, G., Chauvin, J., Chou, A., Conceição, R., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., de Mello Junior, W.J.M., De Mitri, I., de Vries, K.D., Decerprit, G., Dı´az Castro, M.L., Diep, P.N., dos Anjos, J.C., Escobar, C.O., Fajardo Tapia, I., Falcke, H., Fazzini, N., Fröhlich, U., Giaccari, U., Gorgi, A., Grebe, S., Grillo, A.F., Guarino, F., Harmsma, S., Haungs, A., Klages, H.O., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Kulbartz, J.K., Leão, M.S.A.B., Lebrun, P., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Maldera, S., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Micheletti, M.I., Mollerach, S., Moreno, J.C., Mussa, R., Necesal, P., Nelles, A., Palatka, M., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pelayo, R., Pesce, R., Petrovic, J., Rautenberg, J., Ridky, J., Rizi, V., Rodriguez Martino, J., Ros, G., Roth, M., Rovero, A.C., Santos, E., Sarkar, B., Scherini, V., Schiffer, P., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Settimo, M., Shellard, R.C., Stutz, A., Tegolo, D., Thomas, D., Tiwari, D.K., Tomé, B., Trovato, E., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vázquez, J.R., Veberič, D., Villaseñor, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Wommer, M., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Ziolkowski, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arrays
Astrophysics
Augers
Computer simulation
Energy use
Extensive air showers
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Hybrid detector
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic
Monte Carlo methods
Observatories
Physics
Pierre Auger Observatory
Sciences of the Universe
Showers
Surface detector
Trigger performance
Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays
Zenith
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:► We introduce the concept of Laternal Trigger Probability functions for EAS. ► We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. ► Using simulations LTPs are derived for energies between 10 17 and 10 19 eV. ► The LTPs can also be obtained from data using hybrid events. ► We show how LTPs from data are in good agreement with simulations. In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5 km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10 17 and 10 19 eV and zenith angles up to 65°. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations.
ISSN:0927-6505
1873-2852
DOI:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.08.001