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Fermi Large Area Telescope Constraints on the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe

The extragalactic background light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of...

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Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2010-11, Vol.723 (2), p.1082-1096
Main Authors: Abdo, A. A, Ackermann, M, Allafort, A, Baring, M. G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Bhat, P. N, Blandford, R. D, Bonamente, E, Bouvier, A, Brandt, T. J, Bregeon, J, Burnett, T. H, Buson, S, Cameron, R. A, Casandjian, J. M, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, C. C, Claus, R, Connaughton, V, Dermer, C. D, de Palma, F, Dingus, B. L, Drell, P. S, Dubois, R, Favuzzi, C, Fortin, P, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Giglietto, N, Gilmore, R. C, Giordano, F, Glanzman, T, Granot, J, Greiner, J, Gustafsson, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hughes, R. E, Johnson, A. S, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Knödlseder, J, Kocevski, D, Kuss, M, Latronico, L, Lee, S.-H, Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lovellette, M. N, McConville, W, McGlynn, S, Mehault, J, Mészáros, P, Michelson, P. F, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, A. A, Monte, C, Monzani, M. E, Moskalenko, I. V, Naumann-Godo, M, Nolan, P. L, Norris, J. P, Nuss, E, Ohno, M, Okumura, A, Panetta, J. H, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Primack, J. R, Rainò, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reyes, L. C, Ripken, J, Ritz, S, Sadrozinski, H. F.-W, Sander, A, Sgrò, C, Smith, P. D, Strickman, M. S, Tajima, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, J. B, Tibaldo, L, Tramacere, A, Uchiyama, Y, Usher, T. L, Vandenbroucke, J, von Kienlin, A, Waite, A. P, Wilson-Hodge, C, Yamazaki, R, Ziegler, M
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Language:English
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Summary:The extragalactic background light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of the Delta *g-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Large Area Telescope on board Fermi detects a sample of Delta *g-ray blazars with redshift up to z ~ 3, and GRBs with redshift up to z ~ 4.3. Using photons above 10 GeV collected by Fermi over more than one year of observations for these sources, we investigate the effect of Delta *g-ray flux attenuation by the EBL. We place upper limits on the Delta *g-ray opacity of the universe at various energies and redshifts and compare this with predictions from well-known EBL models. We find that an EBL intensity in the optical-ultraviolet wavelengths as great as predicted by the 'baseline' model of Stecker et al. can be ruled out with high confidence.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
1538-4357
DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/723/2/1082