Settleable atmospheric particulate matter affects cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) emitted by iron ore processing industries has a complex composition, including diverse metallic particles and nanoparticles. Settleable APM (SePM) causes air to water cross-contamination and has recently been demonstrated to have harmful sublethal impacts on fish...

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Published in:Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2022-07, Vol.257, p.109353-109353, Article 109353
Main Authors: De Angelis, C.F., Soares, M.P., Cardoso, I.L., Filogonio, R., Taylor, E.W., McKenzie, D.J., Souza, I.C., Wunderlin, D.A., Monferrán, M.V., Fernandes, M.N., Leite, C.A.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Atmospheric particulate matter
Cichlids - metabolism
Environmental risk
Environmental Sciences
Gills - metabolism
Hypoxia
Industry
Iron
Metal/metalloid
Nanoparticle
Oxygen - metabolism
Particulate Matter - metabolism
Particulate Matter - toxicity
Physiological responses
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Summary:Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) emitted by iron ore processing industries has a complex composition, including diverse metallic particles and nanoparticles. Settleable APM (SePM) causes air to water cross-contamination and has recently been demonstrated to have harmful sublethal impacts on fish, eliciting stress responses, affecting the immune system, and reducing blood oxygen-carrying capacity. These findings imply potential consequences for fish aerobic performance and energy allocation, particularly in their ability to tolerate respiratory challenges such as aquatic hypoxia. To assess that potential limitation, we analyzed metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and morphological alterations after exposing tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to an environmentally relevant concentration of SePM (96 h) and progressive hypoxia. The contamination initiated detectable gill damage, reducing respiratory efficiency, increasing ventilatory effort, and compromising fish capacity to deal with hypoxia. Even in normoxia, the resting respiratory frequency was elevated and limited respiratory adjustments during hypoxia. SePM increased O2crit from 26 to 34% of O2 (1.84 to 2.76 mg O2·L−1). Such ventilatory inefficacy implies higher ventilatory cost with relevant alterations in energy allocation. Progression in gill damage might be problematic and cause: infection, blood loss, ion imbalance, and limited cardiorespiratory performance. The contamination did not cause immediate lethality but may threaten fish populations due to limitations in physiological performance. This was the first investigation to evaluate the physiological responses of fish to hypoxia after SePM contamination. We suggest that the present level of environmental SePM deserves attention. The present results demonstrate the need for comprehensive studies on SePM effects in aquatic fauna. [Display omitted] •Industrial activity produces Settleable atmospheric particulate matter (SePM).•SePM has been pointed out as potential source of air to water cross-contamination.•SePM caused gill damage and increased ventilatory effort in fish.•SePM-exposed fish changed ventilatory strategy under hypoxia.•SePM might limited fish capacity to deal with common environmental challenges.
ISSN:1532-0456
1878-1659
DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109353