What can we learn from PWS and SNORD116 genes about the pathophysiology of addictive disorders?

Addictive disorders have been much investigated and many studies have underlined the role of environmental factors such as social interaction in the vulnerability to and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Research on addiction pathophysiology now suggests that certain behavioral disorders are addic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular psychiatry 2021-01, Vol.26 (1), p.51-59
Main Authors: Salles, Juliette, Lacassagne, Emmanuelle, Eddiry, Sanaa, Franchitto, Nicolas, Salles, Jean-Pierre, Tauber, Maithé
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addiction
Addictions
Addictive / physiopathology
Addictive behaviors
Animal models
Animals
Behavior, Addictive - genetics
Behavior, Addictive - physiopathology
Chromosome 15
Development and progression
Environmental factors
Food
Food Addiction - genetics
Genes
Genetic aspects
Human health and pathology
Humans
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Pathophysiology
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome - genetics
Psychiatric research
RNA
RNA, Small Nucleolar - genetics
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Summary:Addictive disorders have been much investigated and many studies have underlined the role of environmental factors such as social interaction in the vulnerability to and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Research on addiction pathophysiology now suggests that certain behavioral disorders are addictive, one example being food addiction. Yet, despite the growing body of knowledge on addiction, it is still unknown why only some of the individuals exposed to a drug become addicted to it. This observation has prompted the consideration of genetic heritage, neurodevelopmental trajectories, and gene-environment interactions in addiction vulnerability. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which children become addicted to food and show early social impairment. PWS is caused by the deficiency of imprinted genes located on the 15q11-q13 chromosome. Among them, the SNORD116 gene was identified as the minimal gene responsible for the PWS phenotype. Several studies have also indicated the role of the Snord116 gene in animal and cellular models to explain PWS pathophysiology and phenotype (including social impairment and food addiction). We thus present here the evidence suggesting the potential involvement of the SNORD116 gene in addictive disorders.
ISSN:1359-4184
1476-5578
DOI:10.1038/s41380-020-00917-x