Phytotoxicity testing of lysimeter leachates from aided phytostabilized Cu-contaminated soils using duckweed ( Lemna minor L.)

Aided phytostabilization of a Cu-contaminated soil was conducted at a wood preservation site located in southwest France using outdoor lysimeters to study leaching from the root zone and leachate ecotoxicity. The effects of Cu-tolerant plants ( Agrostis gigantea L. and Populus trichocarpa x deltoide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2011-12, Vol.410 (411), p.146-153
Main Authors: Marchand, Lilian, Mench, Michel, Marchand, Charlotte, Le Coustumer, Philippe, Kolbas, Aliaksandr, Maalouf, Jean-Paul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agrostis - chemistry
Agrostis gigantea
Araceae - drug effects
Compost
Copper
Copper - toxicity
Dolomitic limestone
Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods
France
Fresh Water - analysis
Fresh Water - chemistry
In situ stabilization
Iron
Iron and steel plants
Lemna minor
Life Sciences
Linz–Donawitz slag
Lysimeters
Magnesium
Phytoremediation
Populus - chemistry
Populus trichocarpa
Soil - chemistry
Soil Pollutants - toxicity
Soils
Toxicity Tests - methods
Water Quality
Zerovalent iron grit
Zinc
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Summary:Aided phytostabilization of a Cu-contaminated soil was conducted at a wood preservation site located in southwest France using outdoor lysimeters to study leaching from the root zone and leachate ecotoxicity. The effects of Cu-tolerant plants ( Agrostis gigantea L. and Populus trichocarpa x deltoides cv. Beaupré) and four amendments were investigated with seven treatments: untreated soil without plants (UNT) and with plants (PHYTO), and planted soils amended with compost (OM, 5% per air-dried soil weight), dolomitic limestone (DL, 0.2%), Linz–Donawitz slag (LDS, 1%), OM with DL (OMDL), and OM with 2% of zerovalent iron grit (OMZ). Total Cu concentrations (mg kg − 1 ) in lysimeter topsoil and subsoil were 1110 and 111–153, respectively. Lysimeter leachates collected in year 3 were characterized for Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K and Zn concentrations, free Cu ions, and pH. Total Cu concentration in leachates (mg L − 1 ) ranged from 0.15 ± 0.08 (LDS) to 1.95 ± 0.47 (PHYTO). Plants grown without soil amendment did not reduce total Cu and free Cu ions in leachates. Lemna minor L. was used to assess the leachate phytotoxicity, and based on its growth, the DL, LDS, OM and OMDL leachates were less phytotoxic than the OMZ, PHYTO and UNT ones. The LDS leachates had the lowest Cu, Cu 2+, Fe, and Zn concentrations, but L. minor developed less in these leachates than in a mineral water and a river freshwater. Leachate Mg concentrations were in decreasing order OMDL > DL > PHYTO = OM = LDS > UNT = OMZ and influenced the duckweed growth. ► Lysimeter leachates were collected from aided phytostabilized Cu-contaminated soils. ► Plants grown without soil amendment did not reduce leachate Cu concentrations. ► The slag-amended soil had the lowest leachate Cu, Cu 2+, Fe, and Zn concentrations. ► Leachates from the slag-amended soil were less phytotoxic for duckweed. ► Duckweed growth depended on synergism/antagonism between PPTE and essential elements.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.049