Remarkable Reproducibility of Enzyme Activity Profiles in Tomato Fruits Grown under Contrasting Environments Provides a Roadmap for Studies of Fruit Metabolism

To assess the influence of the environment on fruit metabolism, tomato (Solatium lycopersicum 'Moneymaker') plants were grown under contrasting conditions (optimal for commercial, water limited, or shaded production) and locations. Samples were harvested at nine stages of development, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2014-03, Vol.164 (3), p.1204-1221
Main Authors: Biais, Benoît, Bénard, Camille, Beauvoit, Bertrand, Colombié, Sophie, Prodhomme, Duyên, Ménard, Guillaume, Bernillon, Stéphane, Gehl, Bernadette, Gautier, Hélène, Ballias, Patricia, Mazat, Jean-Pierre, Sweetlove, Lee, Génard, Michel, Gibon, Yves
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acid metabolism
BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
Carboxy-Lyases - metabolism
Cluster Analysis
Environment
Enzyme activity
Enzymes
Fructokinases - metabolism
Fruit - enzymology
Fruit - growth & development
Fruit - metabolism
Fruiting
Fruits
Hexoses
Hexoses - metabolism
Life Sciences
Metabolome
Organ Size
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plants
Principal Component Analysis
Protein metabolism
Reproducibility of Results
Ripening
Solanum lycopersicum - enzymology
Solanum lycopersicum - growth & development
Solanum lycopersicum - metabolism
Solanum lycopersicum - physiology
Starch - metabolism
Starches
Time Factors
Vacuoles - metabolism
Vegetal Biology
Water
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Summary:To assess the influence of the environment on fruit metabolism, tomato (Solatium lycopersicum 'Moneymaker') plants were grown under contrasting conditions (optimal for commercial, water limited, or shaded production) and locations. Samples were harvested at nine stages of development, and 36 enzyme activities of central metabolism were measured as well as protein, starch, and major metabolites, such as hexoses, sucrose, organic acids, and amino acids. The most remarkable result was the high reproducibility of enzyme activities throughout development, irrespective of conditions or location. Hierarchical clustering of enzyme activities also revealed tight relationships between metabolic pathways and phases of development. Thus, cell division was characterized by high activities of fructokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, indicating ATP production as a priority, whereas cell expansion was characterized by enzymes involved in the lower part of glycolysis, suggesting a metabolic reprogramming to anaplerosis. As expected, enzymes involved in the accumulation of sugars, citrate, and glutamate were strongly increased during ripening. However, a group of enzymes involved in ATP production, which is probably fueled by starch degradation, was also increased. Metabolites levels seemed more sensitive than enzymes to the environment, although such differences tended to decrease at ripening. The integration of enzyme and metabolite data obtained under contrasting growth conditions using principal component analysis suggests that, with the exceptions of alanine amino transferase and glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and malate, there are no links between single enzyme activities and metabolite time courses or levels.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.113.231241