Long term outcome of patients with low level of cryoglobulin (< 0.05 g/L)

Abstract Objectives To date, no studies have yet assessed the characteristics of non-HCV patients with low level of cryoglobulin (≤ 0.05 g/L). The aims of the current study were thus to: 1) determine the prevalence of cryoglobulin ≤ 0.05 g/L in patients with non-HCV cryoglobulin; and 2) compare clin...

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Published in:Autoimmunity reviews 2016-05, Vol.15 (5), p.440-446
Main Authors: Eble, V, Legallicier, B, Joly, P, Vittecoq, O, Caron, F, Tamion, F, Ducrotte, P, Levesque, H, Menard, J.-F, Jouen, F, Guerrot, D, Marie, I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergy and Immunology
Cancer
Connective tissue disease
Cryoglobulin
Diagnosis
Human health and pathology
Infection
Life Sciences
Prognosis
Therapy
Tissues and Organs
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Summary:Abstract Objectives To date, no studies have yet assessed the characteristics of non-HCV patients with low level of cryoglobulin (≤ 0.05 g/L). The aims of the current study were thus to: 1) determine the prevalence of cryoglobulin ≤ 0.05 g/L in patients with non-HCV cryoglobulin; and 2) compare clinical features and long term outcome, including organ complications and mortality rate, between non-HCV patients with cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L and those exhibiting cryoglobulin level > 0.05 g/L. Methods Among 6379 cryoglobulin testing, cryoglobulin was detected in 618 patients (9.69% of cases); of these 618 patients, 453 non-HCV patients were included in the study. The medical records of these patients were reviewed. Results Of the 453 non-HCV cryoglobulin-positive patients, 265 (58.6%) exhibited cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L. We showed that patients with cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L had: 1) less commonly: palpable purpura ( p < 0.001), digital ulcers ( p = 0.006), peripheral neurologic involvement ( p = 0.03) and renal impairment ( p = 0.03); and 2) lower median values of ESR ( p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein ( p = 0.001). The patients with cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L less often experienced infections ( p = 0.04) and hematological malignancies ( p = 0.01); both groups did not differ regarding prevalence of connective tissue diseases and solid tumors. Mortality rate was as high as 13.6% in patients with cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L; death was mainly due to: solid tumors (16.6%), cardiovascular complications (13.8%), hematological malignancies (11.1%), infections (8.3%), pulmonary/renal complications of cryoglobulin (8.3%) and connective tissue diseases (8.3%). Conclusion Our study shows a high prevalence of cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L in clinical practice. Our findings further underscore that non-HCV cryoglobulin level ≤ 0.05 g/L may be responsible for severe renal and neurological complications, leading to high morbidity and mortality in these patients. Thus, our data suggest that both appropriate therapy and close follow-up may be required to improve such patients' outcome.
ISSN:1568-9972
1568-9972
DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.012