Increased audiovisual integration in cochlear-implanted deaf patients: independent components analysis of longitudinal positron emission tomography data

It has been demonstrated in earlier studies that patients with a cochlear implant have increased abilities for audio‐visual integration because the crude information transmitted by the cochlear implant requires the persistent use of the complementary speech information from the visual channel. The b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The European journal of neuroscience 2015-03, Vol.41 (5), p.677-685
Main Authors: Strelnikov, K., Rouger, J., Lagleyre, S., Fraysse, B., Démonet, J.-F., Déguine, O., Barone, P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
audio-visual
Auditory Perception
Case-Control Studies
cochlear implantation
Cochlear Implants
Cognitive science
Deafness - physiopathology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
multisensory
neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Positron-Emission Tomography
speech
Temporal Lobe - diagnostic imaging
Visual Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Visual Perception
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Summary:It has been demonstrated in earlier studies that patients with a cochlear implant have increased abilities for audio‐visual integration because the crude information transmitted by the cochlear implant requires the persistent use of the complementary speech information from the visual channel. The brain network for these abilities needs to be clarified. We used an independent components analysis (ICA) of the activation (H215O) positron emission tomography data to explore occipito‐temporal brain activity in post‐lingually deaf patients with unilaterally implanted cochlear implants at several months post‐implantation (T1), shortly after implantation (T0) and in normal hearing controls. In between‐group analysis, patients at T1 had greater blood flow in the left middle temporal cortex as compared with T0 and normal hearing controls. In within‐group analysis, patients at T0 had a task‐related ICA component in the visual cortex, and patients at T1 had one task‐related ICA component in the left middle temporal cortex and the other in the visual cortex. The time courses of temporal and visual activities during the positron emission tomography examination at T1 were highly correlated, meaning that synchronized integrative activity occurred. The greater involvement of the visual cortex and its close coupling with the temporal cortex at T1 confirm the importance of audio‐visual integration in more experienced cochlear implant subjects at the cortical level. Speechreading is important during post‐lingual deafness and after cochlear implantation. We explored brain activity several months post‐implantation (T1), shortly after implantation (T0) and in normal hearing controls (NH). Patients at T1 had greater activity in the middle temporal cortex as compared with T0 and NH for audiovisual speech. In within‐group analysis, patients at T0 and T1 had task‐modulated activity in the visual cortex. In addition, patients at T1 had task‐modulated activity in the middle temporal cortex. Temporal and visual activities at T1 were highly correlated, meaning that integrative audiovisual activity is important at T1.
ISSN:0953-816X
1460-9568
DOI:10.1111/ejn.12827