Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating intestinal disease in preterm neonates. In this population, disruption of the gut microbiota development, mainly due to organ immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC. This gut dys...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Future microbiology 2016-01, Vol.11 (2), p.273-292
Main Authors: Cassir, Nadim, Simeoni, Umberto, Scola, Bernard La
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Bacteria
bacteriotherapy
Birth weight
Brain research
Digestive system
Digestive tract
Disease prevention
Dysbacteriosis
Dysbiosis
Enterocolitis
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - microbiology
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - physiopathology
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - prevention & control
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - therapy
Fermentation
Gastrointestinal diseases
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
gut dysbiosis
gut microbiota
gut-brain axis
Human health and pathology
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Infant, Premature, Diseases - microbiology
Infant, Premature, Diseases - physiopathology
Infant, Premature, Diseases - prevention & control
Infant, Premature, Diseases - therapy
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Intensive care
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Life Sciences
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Naturopathy
Necrosis
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Neonates
Newborn babies
Opportunist infection
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
preterm neonates
Probiotics - therapeutic use
Symbiosis
Virulence factors
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Description
Summary:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating intestinal disease in preterm neonates. In this population, disruption of the gut microbiota development, mainly due to organ immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC. This gut dysbiosis has been associated with opportunistic pathogens overgrowth, expression of virulence factors, altered metabolic functions and inflammatory dysregulated responses. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the host and gut microbiota interactions during the formative early life. We also explore the key determinants of gut dysbiosis in preterm neonates with NEC. Finally, we discuss the promising role of bacteriotherapy in the management of NEC, the aim being to shape or restore the beneficial gut bacterial communities.
ISSN:1746-0913
1746-0921
DOI:10.2217/fmb.15.136