Modeling of variations in nitrogen trichloride concentration over time in swimming pool water

•Experimental monitoring of nitrogen trichloride concentration in pool water.•Modeling of the formation of nitrogen trichloride in swimming pool water.•Modeling based on chemical reactions and mass transfer mechanisms.•Tool for enhancement of the operating of the facilities such as water consumption...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Process safety and environmental protection 2015-03, Vol.94, p.452-462
Main Authors: Gérardin, F., Cloteaux, A., Midoux, N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Byproducts
Chemical Sciences
Chlorination
Disinfection by products
Environment protection
Indoor
Irritation
Mathematical models
Modeling
Nitrogen trichloride
Occupational exposure
Swimming pools
Thermodynamics
Water treatment
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Summary:•Experimental monitoring of nitrogen trichloride concentration in pool water.•Modeling of the formation of nitrogen trichloride in swimming pool water.•Modeling based on chemical reactions and mass transfer mechanisms.•Tool for enhancement of the operating of the facilities such as water consumption.•Limitation of nitrogen trichloride exposure for swimmers and pool workers. In water, chlorine reacts with nitrogen-containing compounds to produce disinfection by-products such as nitrogen trichloride which induces ocular and respiratory irritations in swimming pool workers. This study proposes a model to predict variations in NCl3 concentration over time in a traditional indoor swimming pool as a function of its operating parameters and attendance. The model was developed taking into consideration the reaction mechanisms, thermodynamic equilibria, physico-chemical properties, and transfer mechanisms occurring at the pool's surface. This model was validated through a robust series of experiments over two days and two nights in a real swimming pool. The model was found to satisfactorily predict variations over time in the concentrations of the chemical species investigated, including nitrogen trichloride. The work presented constitutes a first step to extend the model at different swimming pools. This approach may also be used to study the influence of the main operating parameters and to evaluate the impact of setting up water treatment systems on nitrogen trichloride concentration.
ISSN:0957-5820
1744-3598
0957-5820
DOI:10.1016/j.psep.2014.10.004