Global Change Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities

Manipulation experiments are invaluable tools in global change ecology because they enable causal and process-based understanding. However, artifacts and inherent limitations can lead to misinterpretations. Across the wide range of approaches to set up such studies, we distill the main challenges as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioscience 2015-09, Vol.65 (9), p.922-931
Main Authors: BOECK, HANS J. DE, VICCA, SARA, ROY, JACQUES, NIJS, IVAN, MILCU, ALEXANDRU, KREYLING, JUERGEN, JENTSCH, ANKE, CHABBI, ABAD, CAMPIOLI, MATTEO, CALLAGHAN, TERRY, BEIERKUHNLEIN, CARL, BEIER, CLAUS
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Climate change
Ecology
Ecology, environment
Ecosystems
Environmental Sciences
Global Changes
Historic artifacts
Life Sciences
Overview Articles
Realism
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Summary:Manipulation experiments are invaluable tools in global change ecology because they enable causal and process-based understanding. However, artifacts and inherent limitations can lead to misinterpretations. Across the wide range of approaches to set up such studies, we distill the main challenges associated with the imposed treatment(s), the spatial and time scale, proposing solutions and outlining the limitations in interpreting and extrapolating results. The inherent trade-offs between experimental realism (facilitating extrapolation) and control (facilitating the attribution of observed responses) resonate throughout this review. The focus on realism or control determines which issues become more important and how they should be handled. For example, covarying factors such as temperature and moisture can be explicitly separated to attribute effects more precisely but could also be left uncontrolled to increase realism. Ultimately, combining results across gradients of scale and control, including the use of “natural laboratories,” stimulates fundamental understanding, enabling more confident predictions of responses to global change.
ISSN:0006-3568
1525-3244
DOI:10.1093/biosci/biv099