The Simultaneous Repression Of CCR and CAD, Two Enzymes of the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway, Results in Sterility and Dwarfism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase （CCR） and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） catalyze the last steps of mono- lignol biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, one CCR gene （CCR1, Atlg15950） and two CAD genes （CAD C At3g19450 and CAD D At4g34230） are involved in this pathway. A triple cad c cad d ccrl mutant, named cc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular plant 2011, Vol.4 (1), p.70-82
Main Authors: Thévenin, Johanne, Pollet, Brigitte, Letarnec, Bruno, Saulnier, Luc, Gissot, Lionel, Maia-Grondard, Alessandra, Lapierre, Catherine, Jouanin, Lise
Format: Article
Language:chi ; eng
Subjects:
Agricultural sciences
Alcohol Oxidoreductases - genetics
Alcohol Oxidoreductases - metabolism
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - genetics
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - metabolism
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - enzymology
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - physiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
auxin
Biosynthetic Pathways
CCC认证
CCR
cell wall
Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR)
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD)
Down-Regulation
dwarfism
Enzymes
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Life Sciences
Lignin - biosynthesis
lignins
phenolics
Plant Infertility
sterility
拟南芥
木质素含量
生物合成途径
肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶
计算机辅助设计
雄性不育突变体
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Summary:Cinnamoyl CoA reductase （CCR） and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） catalyze the last steps of mono- lignol biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, one CCR gene （CCR1, Atlg15950） and two CAD genes （CAD C At3g19450 and CAD D At4g34230） are involved in this pathway. A triple cad c cad d ccrl mutant, named ccc, was obtained. This mutant displays a severe dwarf phenotype and male sterility. The lignin content in ccc mature stems is reduced to 50% of the wild-type level. In addition, stem lignin structure is severely affected, as shown by the dramatic enrichment in resistant inter-unit bonds and incorporation into the polymer of monolignol precursors such as coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and ferulic acid. Male sterility is due to the lack of lignification in the anther endothecium, which causes the failure of anther de- hiscence and of pollen release. The cc~ hypolignified stems accumulate higher amounts of flavonol glycosides, sinapoyl malate and feruloyl malate, which suggests a redirection of the phenolic pathway. Therefore, the absence of CAD and CCR, key enzymes of the monolignol pathway, has more severe consequences on the phenotype than the individual absence of each of them. Induction of another CCR （CCR2, Atlg80820） and another CAD （CAD1, At4g39330） does not compensate the absence of the main CCR and CAD activities. This lack of CCR and CAD activities not only impacts lignification, but also severely affects the development of the plants. These consequences must be carefully considered when trying to reduce the lignin content of plants in order to facilitate the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol conversion process.
ISSN:1674-2052
1752-9867
DOI:10.1093/mp/ssq045