Predictors of developmental dyslexia in European orthographies with varying complexity

Background:  The relationship between phoneme awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short‐term/working memory (ST/WM) and diagnostic category is investigated in control and dyslexic children, and the extent to which this depends on orthographic complexity. Methods:  General cognitive, ph...

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Published in:Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2013-06, Vol.54 (6), p.686-694
Main Authors: Landerl, Karin, Ramus, Franck, Moll, Kristina, Lyytinen, Heikki, Leppänen, Paavo H. T., Lohvansuu, Kaisa, O'Donovan, Michael, Williams, Julie, Bartling, Jürgen, Bruder, Jennifer, Kunze, Sarah, Neuhoff, Nina, Tóth, Dénes, Honbolygó, Ferenc, Csépe, Valéria, Bogliotti, Caroline, Iannuzzi, Stéphanie, Chaix, Yves, Démonet, Jean-François, Longeras, Emilie, Valdois, Sylviane, Chabernaud, Camille, Delteil-Pinton, Florence, Billard, Catherine, George, Florence, Ziegler, Johannes C., Comte-Gervais, Isabelle, Soares-Boucaud, Isabelle, Gérard, Christophe-Loïc, Blomert, Leo, Vaessen, Anniek, Gerretsen, Patty, Ekkebus, Michel, Brandeis, Daniel, Maurer, Urs, Schulz, Enrico, van der Mark, Sanne, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schulte-Körne, Gerd
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Awareness
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child clinical studies
Children
Cross-Cultural Comparison
cross-linguistic
Developmental disorders
Developmental dyslexia
Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes
Dyslexia
Dyslexia - diagnosis
Dyslexic children
English
Europe
Female
Finno Ugric Languages
Foreign Countries
French
German
Humans
Hungarian
Indo European Languages
Language and communication disorders
Learning disorders
Life Sciences
Literacy
Literacy skills
Male
Medical sciences
Memory, Short-Term
Naming
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Neurons and Cognition
Neuropsychological Tests
Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data
Orthography
Phonemes
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemics
Phonetics
phonology
Predictor Variables
Psycholinguistics
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychometrics
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reference Values
Regression (Statistics)
Semantics
Short Term Memory
Verbal Ability
Verbal Behavior
Verbal Learning
Vocabulary
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Written Language
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Summary:Background:  The relationship between phoneme awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short‐term/working memory (ST/WM) and diagnostic category is investigated in control and dyslexic children, and the extent to which this depends on orthographic complexity. Methods:  General cognitive, phonological and literacy skills were tested in 1,138 control and 1,114 dyslexic children speaking six different languages spanning a large range of orthographic complexity (Finnish, Hungarian, German, Dutch, French, English). Results:  Phoneme deletion and RAN were strong concurrent predictors of developmental dyslexia, while verbal ST/WM and general verbal abilities played a comparatively minor role. In logistic regression models, more participants were classified correctly when orthography was more complex. The impact of phoneme deletion and RAN‐digits was stronger in complex than in less complex orthographies. Conclusions:  Findings are largely consistent with the literature on predictors of dyslexia and literacy skills, while uniquely demonstrating how orthographic complexity exacerbates some symptoms of dyslexia.
ISSN:0021-9630
1469-7610
DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12029