Icor1/I Gene: A Suitable Marker for Identification of Opium Poppy

This paper discusses the development of rapid, reliable, and accurate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detecting opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in food. Endpoint, quantitative, and digital PCRs were compared based on the amplification of a newly developed DNA marker targeting the NADP...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Foods 2024-05, Vol.13 (10)
Main Authors: Čermáková, Eliška, Svoboda, Pavel, Ovesná, Jaroslava, Vašek, Jakub, Demnerová, Kateřina, Zdeňková, Kamila
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemical assays
Chemical properties
Food
Food contamination
Genetic markers
Health aspects
Measurement
Opium poppy
Polymerase chain reaction
Risk factors
Safety and security measures
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Summary:This paper discusses the development of rapid, reliable, and accurate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detecting opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in food. Endpoint, quantitative, and digital PCRs were compared based on the amplification of a newly developed DNA marker targeting the NADPH-dependent codeinone reductase (COR) gene. Designed assays were shown to be highly specific and sensitive in discriminating opium poppy from other plant species, even in heat-treated and food samples. Digital PCR was the most sensitive, with a detection limit of up to 5 copies, i.e., approximately 14 pg of target DNA per reaction. Quantitative and digital PCR further allowed the quantification of opium poppy in up to 1.5 ng and 42 pg (15 copies) of target DNA in a sample, respectively. In addition, two duplex PCRs have been developed for the simultaneous detection of opium poppy DNA and representatives of (i) the Papaveraceae family or (ii) the Plantae kingdom. Finally, all designed assays were successfully applied for analysis of 15 commercial foodstuffs; two were suspected of being adulterated. The study results have an important impact on addressing food fraud and ensuring the safety and authenticity of food products. Beyond food adulteration, the study may also have significant implications for forensics and law enforcement.
ISSN:2304-8158
2304-8158
DOI:10.3390/foods13101432