Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B Resistance among Clinical Methicillin-Resistant IS/IItaphylococcus aureus/I Isolates in Chile

Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLS[sub.B]) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLS[sub.B] resistance phenotypes are scarce in...

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Published in:Antibiotics (Basel) 2022-07, Vol.11 (8)
Main Authors: Quezada-Aguiluz, Mario, Aguayo-Reyes, Alejandro, Carrasco, Cinthia, Mejías, Daniela, Saavedra, Pamela, Mella-Montecinos, Sergio, Opazo-Capurro, Andrés, Bello-Toledo, Helia, Munita, José M, Hormazábal, Juan C, González-Rocha, Gerardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Erythromycin
Methicillin
Staphylococcus aureus
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Summary:Macrolides, lincosamides, and type B streptogramins (MLS[sub.B]) are important therapeutic options to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, resistance to these antibiotics has been emerging. In Chile, data on the MLS[sub.B] resistance phenotypes are scarce in both community-(CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility to MLS[sub.B] was determined for sixty-eight non-repetitive isolates of each HA-(32) and CA-MRSA (36). Detection of SCCmec elements, ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was performed by PCR. The predominant clones were SCCmec I-ST5 (HA-MRSA) and type IVc-ST8 (CA-MRSA). Most of the HA-MRSA isolates (97%) showed resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Among CA-MRSA isolates, 28% were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, and 25% to clarithromycin. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and over 97% to rifampicin. The ermA gene was amplified in 88% of HA-MRSA and 17% of CA-MRSA isolates (p < 0.001). The ermC gene was detected in 6% of HA-SARM and none of CA-SARM isolates, whereas the msrA gene was only amplified in 22% of CA-MRSA (p < 0.005). Our results demonstrate the prevalence of the cMLSB resistance phenotype in all HA-MRSA isolates in Chile, with the ermA being the predominant gene identified among these isolates.
ISSN:2079-6382
2079-6382
DOI:10.3390/antibiotics11081000