Effect of population densities on diseases and the yield of Oryza sativa L/Efecto de densidades de siembra sobre enfermedades y el rendimiento de Oryza sativa L

Farmers in Cuba sow high doses of seeds to guarantee rice populations and therefore obtain better yields, however, this trend is counterproductive since production becomes more expensive due to seed costs, fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides and they are not always achieved the expected yields due...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cultivos tropicales 2023-07, Vol.44 (3), p.1
Main Authors: Cruz-Triana, Ariel, Rivero-Gonzalez, Deyanira, Tania-Rodriguez, Aida
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Subjects:
Crop yields
Fertilizers
Fungicides
Insecticides
Rice
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Summary:Farmers in Cuba sow high doses of seeds to guarantee rice populations and therefore obtain better yields, however, this trend is counterproductive since production becomes more expensive due to seed costs, fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides and they are not always achieved the expected yields due to the inadequate development of plants and the high incidence of pests. Based on this problem, the objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between four doses of cultivar LP-5 seed and the incidence and severity of fungal diseases on rice yield. For this, plots were made and sown with four doses of seeds (100, 120, 140, 160 kg h[a.sup.-1]). A randomized block design with five repetitions was carried out. In each of the variants, the incidence and severity of the main rice diseases were evaluated, and the theoretical yield and its components were also evaluated. Highest incidences and severity of diseases were observed when the highest doses of seeds were applied (160 and 140 kg h[a.sup.-1]), regardless of the disease and the evaluation time. It was found that it is not always that high planting densities lead to higher yields. As the seed dose increased, the distribution and incidence of diseases increased, fundamentally affecting the number of filled grains per panicle and the weight of one thousand grains. Highest yields were obtained at doses of 120 and 140 kg h[a.sup.-1]. Key words: Pyricularia, Rhizoctonia, incidence. Los agricultores en Cuba siembran altas dosis de semillas para garantizar poblaciones de arroz y, por ende, obtener mejores rendimientos; sin embargo, esta tendencia resulta contraproducente, ya que se encarece la produccion por los costos de semilla, fertilizantes, fungicidas, insecticidas y no siempre se logran los rendimientos esperados, por el inadecuado desarrollo de las plantas y por la alta incidencia de plagas. Sobre la base de esta problematica, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la interaccion entre cuatro dosis de semillas del cultivar de arroz INCA LP-5, asi como la incidencia y severidad de enfermedades fungicas sobre el rendimiento de arroz. Para ello, se realizaron parcelas y se sembraron con cuatro dosis de semillas (100, 120, 140, 160 kg h[a.sup.-1]). Se realizo un diseno de bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones. En cada una de las variantes se evaluo la incidencia y la severidad de las principales enfermedades del arroz, ademas, se evaluo el rendimiento teorico y sus componentes. La mayor incidencia y se
ISSN:0258-5936