Molecular epidemiology of infectious laryngotracheitis: a review

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important respiratory disease of poultry that affects the poultry industry worldwide. The disease is caused by gallid herpesvirus I (GaHV-1), a member of the genus Iltovirus, family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. The current inciden...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Avian pathology 2014, Vol.43 (2), p.108-117
Main Authors: Menendez, Kimberly R, Garcia, Mariacarmen, Spatz, Stephen, Tablante, Nathaniel L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological Evolution
Bird watching
Birds
Data collection
disease incidence
disease outbreaks
Disease Outbreaks - veterinary
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Gallid herpesvirus 1
genes
genetic variation
Herpesviridae Infections - epidemiology
Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary
Herpesviridae Infections - virology
Herpesvirus 1, Gallid - genetics
Herpesvirus 1, Gallid - immunology
Herpesvirus 1, Gallid - isolation & purification
Laryngitis - epidemiology
Laryngitis - veterinary
Laryngitis - virology
live vaccines
Molecular Epidemiology
Molecular Typing - veterinary
nucleotide sequences
Poultry
poultry diseases
Poultry Diseases - epidemiology
Poultry Diseases - virology
poultry production
Respiratory diseases
respiratory tract diseases
Tracheitis - epidemiology
Tracheitis - veterinary
Tracheitis - virology
vaccination
Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology
viral antigens
viral diseases of animals and humans
Viral Vaccines - immunology
virulence
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Description
Summary:Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important respiratory disease of poultry that affects the poultry industry worldwide. The disease is caused by gallid herpesvirus I (GaHV-1), a member of the genus Iltovirus, family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. The current incidence of the disease is heavily influenced by live attenuated vaccines, which have been used extensively since their introduction in the mid-twentieth century. The capability of current live attenuated vaccine viruses to revert to virulence and spread from bird to bird has shaped the molecular epidemiology of ILT. Because of the antigenic homogeneity among GaHV-1 strains, differentiation of strains has been achieved by targeting genomic differences between outbreak-related isolates and vaccine strains. Numerous genes and genomic regions have been utilized in the development of DNAbased diagnostic assays to differentiate outbreak-related isolates from vaccine strains in countries where ILT outbreaks have occurred. More recently, full genome sequences have allowed determination of the origin of some of the outbreak-related isolates circulating in some poultry production countries. Overall, molecular typing data collected worldwide have identified live attenuated vaccine-related isolates as the primary source for outbreaks of the disease.
ISSN:0307-9457
1465-3338
DOI:10.1080/03079457.2014.886004