Chemical Gradients on Graphene to Drive Droplet Motion

This work demonstrates the production of a well-controlled, chemical gradient on the surface of graphene. By inducing a gradient of oxygen functional groups, drops of water and dimethyl-methylphosphonate (a nerve agent simulant) are pulled in the direction of increasing oxygen content, while fluorin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hernandez, Sandra C, Bennett, Charlee J, Junkermeier, Chad E, Tsoi, Stanislav D, Bezares, Francisco J, Stine, Rory, Robinson, Jeremy T, Lock, Evgeniya H, Boris, David R, Pate, Brian D
Format: Report
Language:English
Subjects:
ADHESION
CHEMICAL AGENT SIMULANTS
CHEMICAL FORCE MICROSCOPY
CHEMICAL GRADIENTS
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY
DMMP(DIMETHYL-METHYLPHOSPHONATE)
DROPLET MOTION
DROPS
FLUORINE
GRADIENTS
GRAPHENE
Inorganic Chemistry
MICROSCOPY
MOTION
NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY
Nuclear Physics & Elementary Particle Physics
Organic Chemistry
OXYGEN
Physical Chemistry
PLASMA FUNCTIONALIZATION
PLASMAS(PHYSICS)
SURFACE ENERGY
WATER
X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
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Summary:This work demonstrates the production of a well-controlled, chemical gradient on the surface of graphene. By inducing a gradient of oxygen functional groups, drops of water and dimethyl-methylphosphonate (a nerve agent simulant) are pulled in the direction of increasing oxygen content, while fluorine gradients push the droplet motion in the direction of decreasing fluorine content. The direction of motion is broadly attributed to increasing/decreasing hydrophilicity, which is correlated to high/low adhesion and binding energy. Such tunability in surface chemistry provides additional capabilities in device design for applications ranging from microfluidics to chemical sensing. Published in AC NANO, v7 n6 p4746-4755, 9 May 2013. Prepared in collaboration with the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA. Prepared in cooperation with Nova Research Inc., Alexandria, VA. Sponsored in part by DTRA.