A comprehensive overview of metaplastic breast cancer: clinical features and molecular aberrations

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an exceedingly rare breast cancer variant that is therapeutically challenging and aggressive. MpBC is defined by the histological presence of at least two cellular types, typically epithelial and mesenchymal components. This variant harbors a triple-negative breas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Breast cancer research : BCR 2020-11, Vol.22 (1), p.121-121, Article 121
Main Authors:	Reddy, Tejaswini P, Rosato, Roberto R, Li, Xiaoxian, Moulder, Stacy, Piwnica-Worms, Helen, Chang, Jenny C
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase AKT protein Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - genetics Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Breast Neoplasms - pathology Breast Neoplasms - therapy Cancer therapies Care and treatment Cell adhesion & migration Cell cycle Cell Line, Tumor Chemotherapy Clinical trials Comparative analysis Epidermal growth factor Epidermal growth factors Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Female Gene expression Genes, Neoplasm - genetics Genomics Humans Immune response Kinases Medical prognosis Mesenchyme Metaplasia - genetics Metaplasia - metabolism Metaplasia - pathology Metaplasia - therapy Metaplastic breast cancer Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods Morphology Mutation Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism NOS signaling Phenotypes Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism PI3K signaling Prognosis Proteomics Radiation therapy Radiotherapy Review Smooth muscle Stem cells Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - therapy Tumors Wnt protein Wnt Signaling Pathway β-Catenin
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Summary:	Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an exceedingly rare breast cancer variant that is therapeutically challenging and aggressive. MpBC is defined by the histological presence of at least two cellular types, typically epithelial and mesenchymal components. This variant harbors a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, yet has a worse prognosis and decreased survival compared to TNBC. There are currently no standardized treatment guidelines specifically for MpBC. However, prior studies have found that MpBC typically has molecular alterations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K/Akt signaling, nitric oxide signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, altered immune response, and cell cycle dysregulation. Some of these molecular alterations have been studied as therapeutic targets, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. This current review discusses the histological organization and cellular origins of MpBC, molecular alterations, the role of radiation therapy, and current clinical trials for MpBC.
ISSN:	1465-542X 1465-5411 1465-542X