The Healthy and Diseased Retina Seen through Neuron-Glia Interactions

The retina is the sensory tissue responsible for the first stages of visual processing, with a conserved anatomy and functional architecture among vertebrates. To date, retinal eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and others, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences 2024-01, Vol.25 (2), p.1120
Main Authors:	Tempone, Matheus H, Borges-Martins, Vladimir P, César, Felipe, Alexandrino-Mattos, Dio Pablo, de Figueiredo, Camila S, Raony, Ícaro, Dos Santos, Aline Araujo, Duarte-Silva, Aline Teixeira, Dias, Mariana Santana, Freitas, Hércules Rezende, de Araújo, Elisabeth G, Ribeiro-Resende, Victor Tulio, Cossenza, Marcelo, P Silva, Hilda, P de Carvalho, Roberto, Ventura, Ana L M, Calaza, Karin C, Silveira, Mariana S, Kubrusly, Regina C C, de Melo Reis, Ricardo A
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Amino acids Animals Blindness Cell cycle Cell death Communication Development and progression Diabetic retinopathy disease Enzymes Glaucoma glia Health Status Humans Ischemia Kinases Macular degeneration Neuroglia neuron Neurons Photoreceptors Physiology Polypeptides Protein synthesis Proteins Retina Retinal Diseases signaling Vertebrates
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Summary:	The retina is the sensory tissue responsible for the first stages of visual processing, with a conserved anatomy and functional architecture among vertebrates. To date, retinal eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and others, affect nearly 170 million people worldwide, resulting in vision loss and blindness. To tackle retinal disorders, the developing retina has been explored as a versatile model to study intercellular signaling, as it presents a broad neurochemical repertoire that has been approached in the last decades in terms of signaling and diseases. Retina, dissociated and arranged as typical cultures, as mixed or neuron- and glia-enriched, and/or organized as neurospheres and/or as organoids, are valuable to understand both neuronal and glial compartments, which have contributed to revealing roles and mechanisms between transmitter systems as well as antioxidants, trophic factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Overall, contributions in understanding neurogenesis, tissue development, differentiation, connectivity, plasticity, and cell death are widely described. A complete access to the genome of several vertebrates, as well as the recent transcriptome at the single cell level at different stages of development, also anticipates future advances in providing cues to target blinding diseases or retinal dysfunctions.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067