Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Favorite Intracellular Niche for Viral Replication and Assembly

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle. It forms a complex network of continuous sheets and tubules, extending from the nuclear envelope (NE) to the plasma membrane. This network is frequently perturbed by positive-strand RNA viruses utilizing the ER to create membrano...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Viruses 2016-06, Vol.8 (6), p.160
Main Authors:	Romero-Brey, Inés, Bartenschlager, Ralf
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Animals cell membranes Cytoskeleton electron microscopy Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum - virology Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Infections intracellular organelles membrane rearrangements Membranes Microscopy Morphology nuclear envelope peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Proteins Review RNA Viruses - physiology vesicles Viral infections viral replication virion assembly Virus Assembly Virus Replication virus-host interactions Viruses
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Summary:	The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle. It forms a complex network of continuous sheets and tubules, extending from the nuclear envelope (NE) to the plasma membrane. This network is frequently perturbed by positive-strand RNA viruses utilizing the ER to create membranous replication factories (RFs), where amplification of their genomes occurs. In addition, many enveloped viruses assemble progeny virions in association with ER membranes, and viruses replicating in the nucleus need to overcome the NE barrier, requiring transient changes of the NE morphology. This review first summarizes some key aspects of ER morphology and then focuses on the exploitation of the ER by viruses for the sake of promoting the different steps of their replication cycles.
ISSN:	1999-4915 1999-4915