Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021

The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license a...

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Published in:	Journal of hematology and oncology 2022-10, Vol.15 (1), p.1-143, Article 143
Main Authors:	Wu, Qing, Qian, Wei, Sun, Xiaoli, Jiang, Shaojie
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Antimitotic agents Antineoplastic agents Binding sites Breast cancer Cancer Cancer therapies Clinical trials Development and progression Drug approval Drug development Drug resistance Drug therapy Epidermal growth factor FDA approval Gene therapy Health aspects Hematology Immune checkpoint Immune checkpoint blockades Immunosuppressive agents Immunotherapy Kinases Lung cancer Metastasis Monoclonal antibodies Mutation Oncology Proteins Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors Respiratory agents Review Solid tumors The United States Food and Drug Administration Tumors Tyrosine Vaccines
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Summary:	The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future. Keywords: The United States Food and Drug Administration, Solid tumors, Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Immune checkpoint blockades
ISSN:	1756-8722 1756-8722