Association of HIV infection with clinical and laboratory characteristics of sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and severity. Studies investigating potential effects of co-morbid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SCD have produced conflicting results, and additional investigations are needed to...

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Published in:	BMC infectious diseases 2020-08, Vol.20 (1), p.638-638, Article 638
Main Authors:	Belisário, André Rolim, Blatyta, Paula F, Vivanco, Diana, Oliveira, Claudia Di Lorenzo, Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Bárbara, Sabino, Ester Cerdeira, de Almeida-Neto, Cesar, Loureiro, Paula, Máximo, Cláudia, de Oliveira Garcia Mateos, Sheila, Flor-Park, Miriam V, de Oliveira Werneck Rodrigues, Daniela, Afonso Mota, Rosimere, Gonçalez, Thelma T, Hoffmann, Thomas J, Kelly, Shannon, Custer, Brian
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Anemia, Sickle Cell - complications Bacteremia Bacterial infections Brazil Case-Control Studies Complications Consent Data collection Disease interaction Enrollments Ethics Female Gender Genotype Genotypes Health aspects Health risks Hemorrhage HIV HIV (Viruses) HIV infection HIV infections HIV Infections - complications HIV patients Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Hypertension Immunoassay Infections Ischemia Kidney diseases Laboratories Male Medical records Medical research Medicine, Experimental Patients Pyelonephritis Risk Risk factor Risk factors Sepsis Serology Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell disease Statistical analysis Stroke Stroke (Disease) Ultrasound Viruses Young Adult
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Summary:	Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and severity. Studies investigating potential effects of co-morbid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SCD have produced conflicting results, and additional investigations are needed to elucidate whether the interaction between the two disease states might impact both HIV and SCD clinical outcomes. The association of HIV infection with clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with SCD was assessed. This nested case-control study included individuals with SCD with HIV treated at six Brazilian SCD centers. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from medical records. HIV positive participants were compared to age, gender, center, and SCD genotype matched HIV negative participants (ratio 1:4). Individual clinical outcomes as well as a composite outcome of any SCD complication and a composite outcome of any HIV-related complication were compared between the two groups. Fifteen HIV positive participants were included, 12 (80%) alive and 3 (20%) deceased. Most of the HIV positive patients had HbSS (60%; n = 9), 53% (n = 8) were female, and mean age was 30 ± 13 years. The frequency of individual SCD complications of acute chest syndrome/pneumonia, sepsis/bacteremia, pyelonephritis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD), and pulmonary hypertension was higher in HIV positive participants when compared to HIV negative, although analyzed individually none were statistically significant. HIV positive participants had significantly higher risk of any SCD complication and of a composite HIV-related complication compared to the HIV negative group (HR = 4.6; 95%CI 1.1-19.6; P = 0.04 and HR = 7.7; 95%CI 1.5-40.2; P = 0.02, respectively). There was a non-significant trend towards higher risk of any infections in participants with HIV positive (HR = 3.5; 95%CI 0.92-13.4; P = 0.07). Laboratory parameters levels were not significantly different in individuals with and without HIV. In summary, our study in SCD patients shows that those with HIV have an increased risk of any SCD complication and HIV-related complications, as well as a suggestive but not significantly increased risk of infections.
ISSN:	1471-2334 1471-2334