Sustainability of the Agricultural Systems of Indigenous People in Hidalgo, Mexico

Agricultural sustainability depends on complex relationships between environmental, economic, and social aspects, especially with small farm holders from indigenous communities. This work was centered on two municipalities of Hidalgo State in Mexico, Ixmiquilpan (mainly irrigated systems) and El Car...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-07, Vol.13 (14), p.8075
Main Authors:	Leyva, Doris, De la Torre, Mayra, Coronado, Yaxk’in
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adaptability Agricultural management Corn Crop yield Environmental management Evaluation Farmers Farms Indicators Indigenous knowledge Indigenous peoples Irrigation Irrigation systems Livestock Management systems MESMIS framework migrant remittances Municipalities Natural resources Productivity rural agricultural systems Rural areas Sea level Sheep Small farms Social exclusion Social factors Sustainability Sustainable agriculture Systems analysis Technology adoption
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Summary:	Agricultural sustainability depends on complex relationships between environmental, economic, and social aspects, especially with small farm holders from indigenous communities. This work was centered on two municipalities of Hidalgo State in Mexico, Ixmiquilpan (mainly irrigated systems) and El Cardonal (rainfed systems). Our objective was to understand the relationships between the small farm holders and their agricultural systems. We evaluated the sustainability of their agricultural systems and made some recommendations. We applied the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems using Indicators (MESMIS, Spanish acronym); thirty-one indicators were identified, and quantitative indexes were established to assess the sustainability. The results showed that adaptability was a critical factor for irrigated and rainfed systems, and the main problem identified was youth migration. Additionally, the access to water and economic resources and the management of environmental resources are necessary in order to increase the yield of agricultural crops. Therefore, a holistic approach that considers the organization of small producers and synergy between indigenous knowledge and modern technologies is required for the territorial development of the communities.
ISSN:	2071-1050 2071-1050