In Vitro Activity of Selected West African Medicinal Plants against Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease

Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most prevalent mycobacteriosis, after tuberculosis and leprosy. The currently recommended combination of rifampicin-streptomycin suffers from side effects and poor compliance, which leads to reliance on local herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to investig...

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Published in:	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2016-04, Vol.21 (4), p.445-445
Main Authors:	Tsouh Fokou, Patrick Valere, Kissi-Twum, Abena Adomah, Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy, Appiah-Opong, Regina, Addo, Phyllis, Tchokouaha Yamthe, Lauve Rachel, Ngoutane Mfopa, Alvine, Fekam Boyom, Fabrice, Nyarko, Alexander Kwadwo
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Africa, Western Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry Buruli ulcer Buruli Ulcer - drug therapy Buruli Ulcer - microbiology Cell Line Cell Proliferation - drug effects cytotoxicity Humans Liver - cytology Liver - drug effects medicinal plants Mycobacterium ulcerans Mycobacterium ulcerans - drug effects Mycobacterium ulcerans - pathogenicity Plant Extracts - administration & dosage Plant Extracts - chemistry Plants, Medicinal - chemistry
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Summary:	Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most prevalent mycobacteriosis, after tuberculosis and leprosy. The currently recommended combination of rifampicin-streptomycin suffers from side effects and poor compliance, which leads to reliance on local herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial properties and toxicity of selected medicinal plants. Sixty-five extracts from 27 plant species were screened against Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium smegmatis, using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA). The cytotoxicity of promising extracts was assayed on normal Chang liver cells by an MTT assay. Twenty five extracts showed activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 16 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL against M. smegmatis, while 17 showed activity against M. ulcerans with MIC values ranging from 125 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL. In most of the cases, plant extracts with antimycobacterial activity showed no cytotoxicity on normal human liver cells. Exception were Carica papaya, Cleistopholis patens, and Polyalthia suaveolens with 50% cell cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranging from 3.8 to 223 µg/mL. These preliminary results support the use of some West African plants in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Meanwhile, further studies are required to isolate and characterize the active ingredients in the extracts.
ISSN:	1420-3049 1420-3049