Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children's Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. We aim to summarize...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nutrients 2021-02, Vol.13 (2), p.524
Main Authors:	Ma, Kristine, Wei, Shu Qin, Bi, Wei Guang, Weiler, Hope A, Wen, Shi Wu
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adipose tissue Age Alfacalcidol Analysis Bias Body composition Body composition (biology) Body fat Body mass Body mass index Body size Bone composition Bone growth Bone mass Breastfeeding & lactation Calcifediol Calciferol childhood Children Clinical trials Confidence intervals Dietary supplements Growth Homeostasis infancy Infants Intervention Neonates Nutrient deficiency Offspring Physiological aspects Placebos Pregnancy Quality assessment Quality control randomized controlled trials Review Reviews Risk assessment Skinfold thickness Supplementation Systematic review Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:	Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during early life on children's growth and body composition (bone, lean and fat). A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy on children's body composition (bone, lean and fat) in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2020. A Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. The comparison was vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo or standard care. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted. The effects are presented as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 3960 participants from eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (MD 0.33, 95% CI, 0.12, 0.54; I = 34%) in neonates. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with significantly increased length for age z-score in infants at 1 year of age (MD 0.29, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.54; I = 0%), and was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (kg/m ) (MD -0.19, 95% CI -0.34, -0.04; I = 0%) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) (MD -0.12, 95% CI -0.21, -0.04; I = 0%) in offspring at 3-6 years of age. Vitamin D supplementation during early life was not observed to be associated with children's bone, lean or fat mass. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. Further large clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on childhood body composition are warranted.
ISSN:	2072-6643 2072-6643